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Backend Development: Node.js & Express.js
1. What is Node.js?
Node.js is a JavaScript runtime environment that allows JavaScript to run on the server-side. It is asynchronous, non-blocking, and event-driven, making it efficient for handling multiple requests.
Why Use Node.js?
Fast & Scalable – Runs on the V8 engine for high performance.
Single Programming Language – Use JavaScript for both frontend and backend.
Rich Ecosystem – Access thousands of packages via npm (Node Package Manager).
2. Setting Up Node.js
1. Install Node.js and npm from nodejs.org.
2. Verify installation by running:
node -v
npm -v
3. Initialize a Node.js project inside a folder:
mkdir backend-project && cd backend-project
npm init -y
This creates a package.json file to manage dependencies.
3. What is Express.js?
Express.js is a minimal and fast web framework for Node.js that simplifies building web servers and APIs.
Why Use Express.js?
Simple API – Easily create routes and middleware.
Handles HTTP Requests – GET, POST, PUT, DELETE.
Middleware Support – Add functionalities like authentication and logging.
Installing Express.js
npm install express
4. Creating a Basic Server with Express.js
Import Express and create a web server.
Define routes to handle requests (e.g., /home, /users).
Start the server to listen on a specific port.
5. REST API with Express.js
A REST API handles CRUD operations:
GET → Fetch data
POST → Add data
PUT → Update data
DELETE → Remove data
You can create API endpoints to send and receive JSON data, making it easy to connect with frontend applications.
6. Middleware in Express.js
Middleware functions execute before the request reaches the route handler.
Built-in middleware → express.json() (parses JSON requests).
Third-party middleware → cors, helmet, morgan (for security & logging).
7. Connecting Express.js with a Database
Most applications need a database to store and manage data. Common choices include:
MySQL / PostgreSQL → Relational databases (SQL).
MongoDB → NoSQL database for flexible data storage.
Connecting to MongoDB
1. Install Mongoose (MongoDB library for Node.js):
npm install mongoose
2. Connect to MongoDB in your project and define models to store data efficiently.
8. Next Steps
Once your backend is set up, the next steps are:
Learn authentication (JWT, OAuth).
Build RESTful APIs with proper error handling.
Deploy your backend on AWS, Vercel, or Firebase.
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