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随便说几句关于单端口多用户的设计。简单来说这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题,服务器要知道连进来的是哪个用户,但流量是加密的,要知道用户ID才能进行解密。于是用户ID需要一套额外的沟通机制。

1. 总体性能最优的方案是 TLS 的证书交换机制,除了证书相关的几百个字节之外没有额外的开销,通讯性能也相当好。唯一的问题是证书交换时有明显的握手特征。
2. Shadowsocks 不支持多用户。服务器唯一的兼容做法是尝试使用每一个用户密钥解密流量,在用户量大的时候会影响握手性能。
3. SSR 支持多用户但有一个问题,其对用户ID的加密没有满足密码学的要求。
4. VMess 对于多用户的解决方案是预生成大量的密钥(每秒钟N个,N = AlterID + 1)并缓存哈希后的数据,用空间换时间的方式判断用户ID,并保证ID不会被破解。

Q: 用户ID被破解有什么意义?
A: 由于单个客户端长期使用单个ID(密钥),如果能从流量反推出稳定的ID,那也就间接证明了这些流量都用了某一种协议。



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随便说几句关于单端口多用户的设计。简单来说这是一个先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题,服务器要知道连进来的是哪个用户,但流量是加密的,要知道用户ID才能进行解密。于是用户ID需要一套额外的沟通机制。

1. 总体性能最优的方案是 TLS 的证书交换机制,除了证书相关的几百个字节之外没有额外的开销,通讯性能也相当好。唯一的问题是证书交换时有明显的握手特征。
2. Shadowsocks 不支持多用户。服务器唯一的兼容做法是尝试使用每一个用户密钥解密流量,在用户量大的时候会影响握手性能。
3. SSR 支持多用户但有一个问题,其对用户ID的加密没有满足密码学的要求。
4. VMess 对于多用户的解决方案是预生成大量的密钥(每秒钟N个,N = AlterID + 1)并缓存哈希后的数据,用空间换时间的方式判断用户ID,并保证ID不会被破解。

Q: 用户ID被破解有什么意义?
A: 由于单个客户端长期使用单个ID(密钥),如果能从流量反推出稳定的ID,那也就间接证明了这些流量都用了某一种协议。

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Should You Buy Bitcoin?

In general, many financial experts support their clients’ desire to buy cryptocurrency, but they don’t recommend it unless clients express interest. “The biggest concern for us is if someone wants to invest in crypto and the investment they choose doesn’t do well, and then all of a sudden they can’t send their kids to college,” says Ian Harvey, a certified financial planner (CFP) in New York City. “Then it wasn’t worth the risk.” The speculative nature of cryptocurrency leads some planners to recommend it for clients’ “side” investments. “Some call it a Vegas account,” says Scott Hammel, a CFP in Dallas. “Let’s keep this away from our real long-term perspective, make sure it doesn’t become too large a portion of your portfolio.” In a very real sense, Bitcoin is like a single stock, and advisors wouldn’t recommend putting a sizable part of your portfolio into any one company. At most, planners suggest putting no more than 1% to 10% into Bitcoin if you’re passionate about it. “If it was one stock, you would never allocate any significant portion of your portfolio to it,” Hammel says.

If riding a bucking bronco is your idea of fun, you’re going to love what the stock market has in store. Consider this past week’s ride a preview.The week’s action didn’t look like much, if you didn’t know better. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 213.12 points or 0.6%, while the S&P 500 advanced 0.5%, and the Nasdaq Composite ended little changed.

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