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美洲原住民在千年前就以集约化方式种植玉米

2025-06-06 14:00 by 河流之女

新考古勘查结果挑战了长期以来的假设:北美的集约化农业仅存于中央集权社会或宜人的气候环境。这些发现揭示,在密歇根的上半岛(Upper Peninsula)存在着前哥伦布时期的幅员辽阔的种植景观;表明尽管当时气候寒冷且种植条件恶劣,美洲原住民社群在公元 1000 年至 1600 年间是以集约化方式种植玉米的。在美国东部大部分地区,前哥伦布时期集约化农业生产的直接证据极为罕见,因为大多数原住民的农耕景观已被殖民时期欧美人的耕作、定居和工业活动不可逆转地改变了。然而密歇根上半岛的六十岛(Sixty Islands)考古遗址保存了罕有的前哥伦布时期复杂的抬高垄作农田和玉米种植证据。证据表明,原住民拥有先进的土壤管理方法,其中包括将堆肥化的家庭生活垃圾和富含养分的湿地土壤掺入田中以增强土壤肥力。研究还表明,这一复杂的农耕系统是由小规模的平等社区创建的。

EurekAlert: 激光雷达调查揭示了密歇根上半岛存在着幅员辽阔的前哥伦布时期的玉米田
dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ads1643

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美洲原住民在千年前就以集约化方式种植玉米

2025-06-06 14:00 by 河流之女

新考古勘查结果挑战了长期以来的假设:北美的集约化农业仅存于中央集权社会或宜人的气候环境。这些发现揭示,在密歇根的上半岛(Upper Peninsula)存在着前哥伦布时期的幅员辽阔的种植景观;表明尽管当时气候寒冷且种植条件恶劣,美洲原住民社群在公元 1000 年至 1600 年间是以集约化方式种植玉米的。在美国东部大部分地区,前哥伦布时期集约化农业生产的直接证据极为罕见,因为大多数原住民的农耕景观已被殖民时期欧美人的耕作、定居和工业活动不可逆转地改变了。然而密歇根上半岛的六十岛(Sixty Islands)考古遗址保存了罕有的前哥伦布时期复杂的抬高垄作农田和玉米种植证据。证据表明,原住民拥有先进的土壤管理方法,其中包括将堆肥化的家庭生活垃圾和富含养分的湿地土壤掺入田中以增强土壤肥力。研究还表明,这一复杂的农耕系统是由小规模的平等社区创建的。

EurekAlert: 激光雷达调查揭示了密歇根上半岛存在着幅员辽阔的前哥伦布时期的玉米田
dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.ads1643

#科学

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