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重大科学突破越来越难以实现

2025-05-28 16:34 by 光环:新斯巴达

重大科学突破可能正变得愈发难以实现。2023 年的一项数据分析显示,1945-2010 年间,虽然学术论文总量激增,但颠覆性论文的数量却并不多。换言之,科研投入的倍增并未带来相应水平的颠覆性成果。研究显示,1956-2020 年间,美国研发经费实际增长 11 倍,论文数量呈指数级攀升,但诺贝尔奖级别的突破却未见相应增长。是什么束缚了科学创新向前迈进的脚步?首先,科学家正沦为“表格填手”。荷兰一项研究发现,大学教授仅有不到 20% 的时间用于科研,其余精力都被行政事务、教学和经费申请占据。其次,学术生涯和资助结构僵化限制了研究者自由探索的空间。此外,“论文通胀”稀释科研质量。再次,知识壁垒日益高筑,创新难度与日俱增。最后,信息过载导致注意力涣散。在算法推荐和热点追逐中,科学家正陷入“信息茧房”,可能错过那些冷门却具有颠覆潜力的研究方向。

科技日报: 《自然》:科学发现难度递增的趋势或已显现

#科学



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重大科学突破越来越难以实现

2025-05-28 16:34 by 光环:新斯巴达

重大科学突破可能正变得愈发难以实现。2023 年的一项数据分析显示,1945-2010 年间,虽然学术论文总量激增,但颠覆性论文的数量却并不多。换言之,科研投入的倍增并未带来相应水平的颠覆性成果。研究显示,1956-2020 年间,美国研发经费实际增长 11 倍,论文数量呈指数级攀升,但诺贝尔奖级别的突破却未见相应增长。是什么束缚了科学创新向前迈进的脚步?首先,科学家正沦为“表格填手”。荷兰一项研究发现,大学教授仅有不到 20% 的时间用于科研,其余精力都被行政事务、教学和经费申请占据。其次,学术生涯和资助结构僵化限制了研究者自由探索的空间。此外,“论文通胀”稀释科研质量。再次,知识壁垒日益高筑,创新难度与日俱增。最后,信息过载导致注意力涣散。在算法推荐和热点追逐中,科学家正陷入“信息茧房”,可能错过那些冷门却具有颠覆潜力的研究方向。

科技日报: 《自然》:科学发现难度递增的趋势或已显现

#科学

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Export WhatsApp stickers to Telegram on Android

From the Files app, scroll down to Internal storage, and tap on WhatsApp. Once you’re there, go to Media and then WhatsApp Stickers. Don’t be surprised if you find a large number of files in that folder—it holds your personal collection of stickers and every one you’ve ever received. Even the bad ones.Tap the three dots in the top right corner of your screen to Select all. If you want to trim the fat and grab only the best of the best, this is the perfect time to do so: choose the ones you want to export by long-pressing one file to activate selection mode, and then tapping on the rest. Once you’re done, hit the Share button (that “less than”-like symbol at the top of your screen). If you have a big collection—more than 500 stickers, for example—it’s possible that nothing will happen when you tap the Share button. Be patient—your phone’s just struggling with a heavy load.On the menu that pops from the bottom of the screen, choose Telegram, and then select the chat named Saved messages. This is a chat only you can see, and it will serve as your sticker bank. Unlike WhatsApp, Telegram doesn’t store your favorite stickers in a quick-access reservoir right beside the typing field, but you’ll be able to snatch them out of your Saved messages chat and forward them to any of your Telegram contacts. This also means you won’t have a quick way to save incoming stickers like you did on WhatsApp, so you’ll have to forward them from one chat to the other.

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