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πŸ”† Development of Vernacular Education

πŸ“ 1835, 1836, 1838:
βœ… William Adam’s reports on vernacular education in Bengal and Bihar highlighted defects in the system.

πŸ“ 1843-53:
βœ… James Jonathan’s experiments in North West Provinces (UP), focusing on opening government schools for vernacular education and normal schools for teacher training.

πŸ“ 1853:
βœ… In a famous minute, Lord Dalhousie expressed strong support for vernacular education.

πŸ“ 1854:
βœ… Wood’s Despatch outlined provisions for vernacular education:
1. Improvement of standards
2. Supervision by government agencies
3. Normal schools to train teachers

πŸ“ 1854-71:
βœ… The government focused on secondary vernacular education, leading to an increase in vernacular schools by more than five-fold.

πŸ“ 1882:
βœ… The Hunter Commission recommended state efforts to improve vernacular education and mass education to be taught through vernaculars.

πŸ“ 1904:
βœ… Education policy focused on vernacular education, providing increased grants for it.

πŸ“ 1929:
βœ… Hartog Committee gave a gloomy view of primary education.

πŸ“ 1937:
βœ… Congress ministries encouraged the growth of vernacular schools.

πŸ“ Development of Technical Education:
βœ… Engineering Colleges:
- Roorkee College (1847)
- Calcutta College of Engineering (1856)
- Poona College of Engineering affiliated to Bombay University.
βœ… Medical Training:
- Medical College in Calcutta (1835).
- Lord Curzon worked to broaden agriculture, medicine, engineering, and other professional education through institutions like Pusa Agricultural College.



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πŸ”† Development of Vernacular Education

πŸ“ 1835, 1836, 1838:
βœ… William Adam’s reports on vernacular education in Bengal and Bihar highlighted defects in the system.

πŸ“ 1843-53:
βœ… James Jonathan’s experiments in North West Provinces (UP), focusing on opening government schools for vernacular education and normal schools for teacher training.

πŸ“ 1853:
βœ… In a famous minute, Lord Dalhousie expressed strong support for vernacular education.

πŸ“ 1854:
βœ… Wood’s Despatch outlined provisions for vernacular education:
1. Improvement of standards
2. Supervision by government agencies
3. Normal schools to train teachers

πŸ“ 1854-71:
βœ… The government focused on secondary vernacular education, leading to an increase in vernacular schools by more than five-fold.

πŸ“ 1882:
βœ… The Hunter Commission recommended state efforts to improve vernacular education and mass education to be taught through vernaculars.

πŸ“ 1904:
βœ… Education policy focused on vernacular education, providing increased grants for it.

πŸ“ 1929:
βœ… Hartog Committee gave a gloomy view of primary education.

πŸ“ 1937:
βœ… Congress ministries encouraged the growth of vernacular schools.

πŸ“ Development of Technical Education:
βœ… Engineering Colleges:
- Roorkee College (1847)
- Calcutta College of Engineering (1856)
- Poona College of Engineering affiliated to Bombay University.
βœ… Medical Training:
- Medical College in Calcutta (1835).
- Lord Curzon worked to broaden agriculture, medicine, engineering, and other professional education through institutions like Pusa Agricultural College.

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Among the actives, Ascendas REIT sank 0.64 percent, while CapitaLand Integrated Commercial Trust plummeted 1.42 percent, City Developments plunged 1.12 percent, Dairy Farm International tumbled 0.86 percent, DBS Group skidded 0.68 percent, Genting Singapore retreated 0.67 percent, Hongkong Land climbed 1.30 percent, Mapletree Commercial Trust lost 0.47 percent, Mapletree Logistics Trust tanked 0.95 percent, Oversea-Chinese Banking Corporation dropped 0.61 percent, SATS rose 0.24 percent, SembCorp Industries shed 0.54 percent, Singapore Airlines surrendered 0.79 percent, Singapore Exchange slid 0.30 percent, Singapore Press Holdings declined 1.03 percent, Singapore Technologies Engineering dipped 0.26 percent, SingTel advanced 0.81 percent, United Overseas Bank fell 0.39 percent, Wilmar International eased 0.24 percent, Yangzijiang Shipbuilding jumped 1.42 percent and Keppel Corp, Thai Beverage, CapitaLand and Comfort DelGro were unchanged.

The global forecast for the Asian markets is murky following recent volatility, with crude oil prices providing support in what has been an otherwise tough month. The European markets were down and the U.S. bourses were mixed and flat and the Asian markets figure to split the difference.The TSE finished modestly lower on Friday following losses from the financial shares and property stocks.For the day, the index sank 15.09 points or 0.49 percent to finish at 3,061.35 after trading between 3,057.84 and 3,089.78. Volume was 1.39 billion shares worth 1.30 billion Singapore dollars. There were 285 decliners and 184 gainers.

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