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๐Virupaksha Temple
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The Virupaksha Temple in Hampi, Karnataka, has been in the news due to concerns over the conservation efforts at this UNESCO World Heritage Site, particularly after a temple pavilion, saalu mantapa, collapsed during heavy rains in 2024.
๐Historical significance:
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Dedication: The temple is dedicated to Lord Virupaksha, a form of Lord Shiva.
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Location: It is situated in Hampi, within the Vijayanagara district of Karnataka, the temple is part of the larger Group of Monuments at Hampi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1986.
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Inception: The temple has been in continuous operation since its inception in the 7th century AD, making it one of India's oldest functioning temples.
Development: Originally a modest shrine, the temple was expanded to its current grandeur during the reign of the Vijayanagara kings, with further additions from the Chalukyan and Hoysala eras.
๐Architectural features:
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Style: The temple is built in the South Indian architectural style, showcasing intricate craftsmanship and advanced engineering.
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Main structure: The temple complex includes a sanctum sanctorum, multiple pillared halls (the most elaborate being a hall with 100 pillars), antechambers, and grand gopurams (gateway towers).
Gopurams:
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The temple has three prominent gopurams, with the eastern gopuram being the largest, standing nine storeys tall and 50 meters high.
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The other two are smaller gopurams located on the inner east and inner northern sides of the complex.
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Sculptural details: The gopurams are adorned with beautiful sculptures of various Hindu deities.
๐Innovative construction:
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The temple's design incorporates principles of physics, such as the Rectilinear Light Theory and the pinhole camera effect.
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Mathematical concepts like fractals, geometry, complex mathematics, and the Fibonacci sequence were also utilized in the construction.
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Notably, the temple features an inverted pinhole image of its tower on the inner wall, a remarkable example of ancient engineering.
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Cultural importance: The Virupaksha Temple remains a focal point of religious and cultural activities in Hampi, continuing to attract pilgrims and tourists alike. Its uninterrupted history of worship highlights its enduring significance in India's spiritual landscape.
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BY CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
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