Telegram Group & Telegram Channel
🔆 Schools of Indian Philosophy

During the later Vedic period, definite ideas and philosophies about the true nature of soul or Atman and the cosmic principle or Brahman who represented the ultimate reality were developed.
These Vedic philosophical concepts later on gave rise to various schools of philosophies called Shada Darshana.
They fall in the category of the orthodox system, as the final authority of the Vedas is recognised by all of them.
The orthodox schools of Indian philosophy are as follows:

▪️Samkhya system
Propounded by Kapil Muni, this philosophy holds that reality is constituted of two principles- one female and the other male i.e., Prakriti and Purusha respectively.
It tries to establish a relationship between Purusha and Prakriti to explain the creation of the universe.

▪️Yoga
The origin of yoga is found in the Yogasutra of Patanjali believed to have been written in the second century BC.
By purifying and controlling changes in the mental mechanism, yoga systematically brings about the release of purusha from prakriti.
Yogic techniques control the body, mind and sense organs.
Thus, this philosophy is also considered a means of achieving freedom or mukti.

▪️ Nyaya
Gautama is said to be the author of the Nyaya Sutras.
Nyaya is considered as a
technique of logical thinking.
The school holds that there are four valid means of knowledge:
1. perception (pratyaksha),
2. inference (anumana),
3. comparison (upamana), and
4. sound, or testimony
(shabda).

▪️Vaisheshika
Kanada wrote the basic text of Vaisheshika philosophy.
Vaisheshika system is
considered as the realistic and objective philosophy of the universe.
It believes that all objects of the universe are composed of five elements–earth, water, air, fire and ether.
Further, God is the guiding principle and the living beings are rewarded or punished according to the law of karma.

▪️Mimamsa
Mimamsa philosophy is basically the analysis of interpretation, application and the use of the text of the Samhita and Brahmana portions of the Vedas.
According to the philosophy,
Vedas are eternal and possess all knowledge, and religion means the fulfilment of duties prescribed by the Vedas.

▪️ Vedanta
Vedanta implies the philosophy of the Upanishad, the concluding portion of the Vedas.
It also believes that there is no distinction between the Brahman and the self.
Shankaracharya believes that the Brahman is existent, unchanging, the highest truth and the ultimate knowledge.
The knowledge of the Brahman is the essence of all things and the ultimate existence.

Apart from these orthodox schools, there are also unorthodox schools of Indian philosophy, such as:

▪️Charvaka/Lokayata :


This school does not accept the authority of Vedas.
It is a materialistic, sceptical and atheistic school of thought, which believes that there is no other world.
Hence, death is the end of humans and pleasure is the ultimate object in life.

▪️Buddhism :

It is a non-theistic philosophy whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or non-existence of God.
Buddha gave the concept of “four noble truths” and expounded the “ashtangika marg”.

▪️Jainism :

A basic principle of Jainism is anekantavada, the idea that reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and that no single point of view is completely true.
According to it, only the Kevalins (those who have infinite knowledge) can know the true answer, and all others would only know a part of the answer.

#mainsrevision
#mains
#art_and_culture

Join
@CSE_EXAM
@upsc_art_and_culture
👍181



tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM/38709
Create:
Last Update:

🔆 Schools of Indian Philosophy

During the later Vedic period, definite ideas and philosophies about the true nature of soul or Atman and the cosmic principle or Brahman who represented the ultimate reality were developed.
These Vedic philosophical concepts later on gave rise to various schools of philosophies called Shada Darshana.
They fall in the category of the orthodox system, as the final authority of the Vedas is recognised by all of them.
The orthodox schools of Indian philosophy are as follows:

▪️Samkhya system
Propounded by Kapil Muni, this philosophy holds that reality is constituted of two principles- one female and the other male i.e., Prakriti and Purusha respectively.
It tries to establish a relationship between Purusha and Prakriti to explain the creation of the universe.

▪️Yoga
The origin of yoga is found in the Yogasutra of Patanjali believed to have been written in the second century BC.
By purifying and controlling changes in the mental mechanism, yoga systematically brings about the release of purusha from prakriti.
Yogic techniques control the body, mind and sense organs.
Thus, this philosophy is also considered a means of achieving freedom or mukti.

▪️ Nyaya
Gautama is said to be the author of the Nyaya Sutras.
Nyaya is considered as a
technique of logical thinking.
The school holds that there are four valid means of knowledge:
1. perception (pratyaksha),
2. inference (anumana),
3. comparison (upamana), and
4. sound, or testimony
(shabda).

▪️Vaisheshika
Kanada wrote the basic text of Vaisheshika philosophy.
Vaisheshika system is
considered as the realistic and objective philosophy of the universe.
It believes that all objects of the universe are composed of five elements–earth, water, air, fire and ether.
Further, God is the guiding principle and the living beings are rewarded or punished according to the law of karma.

▪️Mimamsa
Mimamsa philosophy is basically the analysis of interpretation, application and the use of the text of the Samhita and Brahmana portions of the Vedas.
According to the philosophy,
Vedas are eternal and possess all knowledge, and religion means the fulfilment of duties prescribed by the Vedas.

▪️ Vedanta
Vedanta implies the philosophy of the Upanishad, the concluding portion of the Vedas.
It also believes that there is no distinction between the Brahman and the self.
Shankaracharya believes that the Brahman is existent, unchanging, the highest truth and the ultimate knowledge.
The knowledge of the Brahman is the essence of all things and the ultimate existence.

Apart from these orthodox schools, there are also unorthodox schools of Indian philosophy, such as:

▪️Charvaka/Lokayata :


This school does not accept the authority of Vedas.
It is a materialistic, sceptical and atheistic school of thought, which believes that there is no other world.
Hence, death is the end of humans and pleasure is the ultimate object in life.

▪️Buddhism :

It is a non-theistic philosophy whose tenets are not especially concerned with the existence or non-existence of God.
Buddha gave the concept of “four noble truths” and expounded the “ashtangika marg”.

▪️Jainism :

A basic principle of Jainism is anekantavada, the idea that reality is perceived differently from different points of view, and that no single point of view is completely true.
According to it, only the Kevalins (those who have infinite knowledge) can know the true answer, and all others would only know a part of the answer.

#mainsrevision
#mains
#art_and_culture

Join
@CSE_EXAM
@upsc_art_and_culture

BY CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF


Warning: Undefined variable $i in /var/www/tg-me/post.php on line 283

Share with your friend now:
tg-me.com/CSE_EXAM/38709

View MORE
Open in Telegram


CSE EXAM UPSC prelims mains Telegram | DID YOU KNOW?

Date: |

Look for Channels Online

You guessed it – the internet is your friend. A good place to start looking for Telegram channels is Reddit. This is one of the biggest sites on the internet, with millions of communities, including those from Telegram.Then, you can search one of the many dedicated websites for Telegram channel searching. One of them is telegram-group.com. This website has many categories and a really simple user interface. Another great site is telegram channels.me. It has even more channels than the previous one, and an even better user experience.These are just some of the many available websites. You can look them up online if you’re not satisfied with these two. All of these sites list only public channels. If you want to join a private channel, you’ll have to ask one of its members to invite you.

The S&P 500 slumped 1.8% on Monday and Tuesday, thanks to China Evergrande, the Chinese property company that looks like it is ready to default on its more-than $300 billion in debt. Cries of the next Lehman Brothers—or maybe the next Silverado?—echoed through the canyons of Wall Street as investors prepared for the worst.

CSE EXAM UPSC prelims mains from us


Telegram CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF
FROM USA