11:34

🌾 Lecture 5 - Pharmacognocy III :

ⓂCQ :

1. The papavar somniferum ( opium ) has the following of alkaloids :

• morphine 4-21%
• codeine 0.8-2.5%
• noscapine (narcotine) 4-8%

2. Opium gives a red color in solution of ferric chloride.

3. Opium Phenanthrene alkaloids = act primarily on the CNS to produce depressant effect & they stimulate the contraction of the smooth muscles e.g. morphine and codeine.

4.The structure of phanathrene derivatives contains : 
  
• benzene ring
• phenolic OH
• N-CH3 (tertiary amine)
• ether linkage

5. Diacetyl morphine (heroine) :

• It is formed by acetylation of morphine.
• It is very toxic & expensive. 
• It is 100 times stronger than morphine. 
• It is a drug of addiction.

6. Because of its lower boiling point of heroine , the freebase form of heroin is also smokable.

7. Hydromorphone prepare by reducing morphine in HCL solution.

8. Apomorphine prepared by heating morphine in a sealed tube with HCl.

9. Papaverine It is a derivative of benzylisoquinoline

🔵 Drugs containing isoquinoline alkaloids :

1. Ipecac (emetine, cephailine, & 
psychotrine) :

🔺Plant origin : Cephaelis ipecacuanha
🔺Family : Rubiaceae
🔺Uses : Antiprotozoal infection 

2. Hydrastis ( hydrastine, berberine, & 
canadine ) :

🔺Plant origin : Hydrastis canadensis
🔺Family : Runuculaceae
🔺Uses : astringents in inflammation of the mucous membrane.

3. Curare :

🔺Plant origin : S. crevauxii
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Skeletal muscle relaxant

4. Berberis (barberry) :

🔺Plant origin : Berberis vulgaris
🔺Family : Berberidaceae
🔺Uses : Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal.

5. Opium ( Morphine, Codeine and heroine, etc.. ) :

🔺Plant origin : Papaver somniferum
🔺Family : Papaveraceae
🔺Uses : Analgesics

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434 viewsedited  May 31 at 20:50

🌾 Lecture 5 - Pharmacognocy III :

ⓂCQ :

1. The papavar somniferum ( opium ) has the following of alkaloids :

• morphine 4-21%
• codeine 0.8-2.5%
• noscapine (narcotine) 4-8%

2. Opium gives a red color in solution of ferric chloride.

3. Opium Phenanthrene alkaloids = act primarily on the CNS to produce depressant effect & they stimulate the contraction of the smooth muscles e.g. morphine and codeine.

4.The structure of phanathrene derivatives contains : 
  
• benzene ring
• phenolic OH
• N-CH3 (tertiary amine)
• ether linkage

5. Diacetyl morphine (heroine) :

• It is formed by acetylation of morphine.
• It is very toxic & expensive. 
• It is 100 times stronger than morphine. 
• It is a drug of addiction.

6. Because of its lower boiling point of heroine , the freebase form of heroin is also smokable.

7. Hydromorphone prepare by reducing morphine in HCL solution.

8. Apomorphine prepared by heating morphine in a sealed tube with HCl.

9. Papaverine It is a derivative of benzylisoquinoline

🔵 Drugs containing isoquinoline alkaloids :

1. Ipecac (emetine, cephailine, & 
psychotrine) :

🔺Plant origin : Cephaelis ipecacuanha
🔺Family : Rubiaceae
🔺Uses : Antiprotozoal infection 

2. Hydrastis ( hydrastine, berberine, & 
canadine ) :

🔺Plant origin : Hydrastis canadensis
🔺Family : Runuculaceae
🔺Uses : astringents in inflammation of the mucous membrane.

3. Curare :

🔺Plant origin : S. crevauxii
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Skeletal muscle relaxant

4. Berberis (barberry) :

🔺Plant origin : Berberis vulgaris
🔺Family : Berberidaceae
🔺Uses : Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal.

5. Opium ( Morphine, Codeine and heroine, etc.. ) :

🔺Plant origin : Papaver somniferum
🔺Family : Papaveraceae
🔺Uses : Analgesics

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