Forwarded from UPSC - International relations by Vikas Kanukollu
✅Gs-2 : IR- Global Digital Order
🅾️Context : The current order is dominated by the US- creates digital asymmetry: nations depend on US platforms, reducing autonomy.Data flows behave like global highways; whoever controls them controls mobility and chokepoints.
🅾️India is one of the world’s largest digital markets but runs on foreign platforms- Digital economy → trade → innovation → national power.
🅾️Choices in the International System- Digital Ascendancy (like the US), Digital Capitulation (Malaysia’s model- Accept the dominance of foreign tech giants; avoid friction; focus on trade- risky for Big nation like India), Digital Sovereignty (European model)
⚠️China achieved digital sovereignty by excluding foreign firms and building its own giants- India needs a third model: sovereignty without autarky.Indian consumers rely on global apps. India is a democracy → cannot impose sudden digital bans.
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
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🅾️Context : The current order is dominated by the US- creates digital asymmetry: nations depend on US platforms, reducing autonomy.Data flows behave like global highways; whoever controls them controls mobility and chokepoints.
🅾️India is one of the world’s largest digital markets but runs on foreign platforms- Digital economy → trade → innovation → national power.
🅾️Choices in the International System- Digital Ascendancy (like the US), Digital Capitulation (Malaysia’s model- Accept the dominance of foreign tech giants; avoid friction; focus on trade- risky for Big nation like India), Digital Sovereignty (European model)
⚠️China achieved digital sovereignty by excluding foreign firms and building its own giants- India needs a third model: sovereignty without autarky.Indian consumers rely on global apps. India is a democracy → cannot impose sudden digital bans.
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Fundamental rights- Article 33- Lt. Kamalesan case
🅾️Armies globally prioritize morale cohesion over individual preference.The case revolves around Lt. Samuel Kamalesan, dismissed from the Indian Army for refusing to enter his regiment’s temple during a religious ceremony.Thus, the Army accepted the stance is that even respectful refusal is still disobedience.
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🅾️Armies globally prioritize morale cohesion over individual preference.The case revolves around Lt. Samuel Kamalesan, dismissed from the Indian Army for refusing to enter his regiment’s temple during a religious ceremony.Thus, the Army accepted the stance is that even respectful refusal is still disobedience.
VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
What Zohran mamdani can teach UPSC aspirants?
https://youtu.be/liRrfiUDt5g
https://youtu.be/liRrfiUDt5g
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What Zohran mamdani can teach UPSC aspirants?
Https://www.tg-me.com/VK IAS UPSC Highlights by Vikas kanukollu VK/com.hinduhighlights
The interview training program begins today with first assignment and live discussion- at 10:15AM anyone who is yet to get the customised assignment doc- pls text @VK_IAS
✅Gs-3 : Science and Technology- Importance of R&D
🅾️Context : Evaluation of Innovation Excellence Indicators of Public Funded R&D Organizations- click here
⚠️India’s R&D ecosystem suffers from a structural design flaw: high public funding but weak translation into innovation- why?- Because of failure to Convert CSR + Public Grants into Pipelines where campus strengths and firm demands co-evolve- so Governance implicationis that Policymaking remains project-centric rather than pipeline-centric.
🌟shift India from grant-driven to pipeline-driven innovation governance.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Context : Evaluation of Innovation Excellence Indicators of Public Funded R&D Organizations- click here
⚠️India’s R&D ecosystem suffers from a structural design flaw: high public funding but weak translation into innovation- why?- Because of failure to Convert CSR + Public Grants into Pipelines where campus strengths and firm demands co-evolve- so Governance implicationis that Policymaking remains project-centric rather than pipeline-centric.
🌟shift India from grant-driven to pipeline-driven innovation governance.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Infrastructure- Energy- Power sector
⚠️Old policy framework- (click here) is obsolete due to two emerging forces:
🅾️Global Warming: The urgent need to decarbonize.
🅾️Artificial Intelligence (AI): A massive new consumer of energy (Data Centers).
🔰So Question: What is the right fuel mix speed that balances votes/livelihoods with climate goals?- click here
🌟Solution= A new, cohesive governance structure is required that moves beyond just "supply and demand" management.Help the private sector navigate supply chain risks with China.Cut through red tape to allow fast infrastructure buildup for data centers.
🔰Q) India’s energy policy has shifted from issues of access and affordability to complex trade-offs involving geopolitics, technology, and climate change." Discuss this statement in light of the growing demand for Artificial Intelligence and the need for a Just Transition.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
⚠️Old policy framework- (click here) is obsolete due to two emerging forces:
🅾️Global Warming: The urgent need to decarbonize.
🅾️Artificial Intelligence (AI): A massive new consumer of energy (Data Centers).
🔰So Question: What is the right fuel mix speed that balances votes/livelihoods with climate goals?- click here
🌟Solution= A new, cohesive governance structure is required that moves beyond just "supply and demand" management.Help the private sector navigate supply chain risks with China.Cut through red tape to allow fast infrastructure buildup for data centers.
🔰Q) India’s energy policy has shifted from issues of access and affordability to complex trade-offs involving geopolitics, technology, and climate change." Discuss this statement in light of the growing demand for Artificial Intelligence and the need for a Just Transition.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
#Ethics
✅Gs-4 : Ethics - Ethics in governance- Importance of trust in governance and public institutions
✅GS2- Criminal Justice system- Police reforms- click here
⚠️Point of failure today: Rigid hierarchies, weak training ecosystems, political pressures, and outdated SOPs.
🅾️Whole of government approach- we discussed this - click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-4 : Ethics - Ethics in governance- Importance of trust in governance and public institutions
✅GS2- Criminal Justice system- Police reforms- click here
⚠️Point of failure today: Rigid hierarchies, weak training ecosystems, political pressures, and outdated SOPs.
🅾️Whole of government approach- we discussed this - click here
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅GS2- Legislature- Functioning of parliament / legislatures- productivity issues
🅾️Background : read this article
⚠️Issue= Lok Sabha utilised only 29% of Question Hour; Rajya Sabha 34%= . When parliamentary time collapses and debate shrinks, the executive gains disproportionate influence over legislation, and the courts become the default check
🔰Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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🅾️Background : read this article
⚠️Issue= Lok Sabha utilised only 29% of Question Hour; Rajya Sabha 34%= . When parliamentary time collapses and debate shrinks, the executive gains disproportionate influence over legislation, and the courts become the default check
🔰Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3:Science and technology- Nuclear power
🅾️Context is to know why Nuclear power in space becomes necessary- Issue with nuclear power in space- Solar energy is not reliable beyond earth orbit.Hence nuclear becomes a critical enabler for future space missions.
⚠️Types of Nuclear Systems
⚜️1. RTGs – Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators- but RTGs = radioactive decay, not fission. Not capable of MW-level output.
⚜️2. Compact Fission Reactors (Next Step)- US’s Lunar Surface Fission Power Project aims to deploy by early 2030s.
🚫Note : Outer Space Treaty- bans nuclear weapons, not nuclear-powered propulsion-UN Principles Relevant to Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space (1992)
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
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🅾️Context is to know why Nuclear power in space becomes necessary- Issue with nuclear power in space- Solar energy is not reliable beyond earth orbit.Hence nuclear becomes a critical enabler for future space missions.
⚠️Types of Nuclear Systems
⚜️1. RTGs – Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generators- but RTGs = radioactive decay, not fission. Not capable of MW-level output.
⚜️2. Compact Fission Reactors (Next Step)- US’s Lunar Surface Fission Power Project aims to deploy by early 2030s.
🚫Note : Outer Space Treaty- bans nuclear weapons, not nuclear-powered propulsion-UN Principles Relevant to Nuclear Power Sources in Outer Space (1992)
🔰Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- Biotech
🅾️Problem statement : India requires a method that is cheap, scalable, and ecologically safe to clean contaminated soil and water.
🌟Solution : Bioremediation- restores the balance created by Pollution.
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@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Problem statement : India requires a method that is cheap, scalable, and ecologically safe to clean contaminated soil and water.
🌟Solution : Bioremediation- restores the balance created by Pollution.
🔰Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights for prelims info
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅GS-1 : Demographic studies- Census
⚠️Why is this Census important?- The 2027 Census will be the world’s largest administrative data exercise, delivering the foundational dataset that shapes these- click here
🅾️The biggest challenge highlighted: India’s urbanisation is faster, fuzzier, and more dynamic than its classification system.Many areas function as urban but are still recorded as rural. This leads to undercounting, misallocation of funds, and poor municipal planning.
🌟Solution : To capture dynamic urbanisation, 2027 Census proposes a new category-Transitional urban areas-
🅾️Also know Why Static Grids Are Needed for 2027- Static grids = stable geographies enabling time-series analysis, unlike changing ward boundaries.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
⚠️Why is this Census important?- The 2027 Census will be the world’s largest administrative data exercise, delivering the foundational dataset that shapes these- click here
🅾️The biggest challenge highlighted: India’s urbanisation is faster, fuzzier, and more dynamic than its classification system.Many areas function as urban but are still recorded as rural. This leads to undercounting, misallocation of funds, and poor municipal planning.
🌟Solution : To capture dynamic urbanisation, 2027 Census proposes a new category-Transitional urban areas-
🅾️Also know Why Static Grids Are Needed for 2027- Static grids = stable geographies enabling time-series analysis, unlike changing ward boundaries.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VK IAS - UPSC interviews
✅Gs-2 : Federalism - States reorganization- Do small states work?- Watch this video!
⚠️V. IMP for candidates having Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in their DAF
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmn7Cjwj-NE
⚠️V. IMP for candidates having Uttarakhand, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh in their DAF
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mmn7Cjwj-NE
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
The interview training program begins today with first assignment and live discussion- at 10:15AM anyone who is yet to get the customised assignment doc- pls text @VK_IAS
✅Gs-3 : Environmental Impact Assessment- EIA
✅Gs-2 : Judiciary- Environmental jurisprudence- SC judgement in Environmental clearance-CREDA v. Vanshakti (2025)
🅾️Prior EC must continue to be the default and mandatory gateway for any new or expanding project.A governance system that pretends it can implement rigid absolutism will produce worse outcomes including zero enforcement in practice.
🅾️Prior EC must remain the anchor of India’s environmental rule of law; however, a narrowly designed, transparent, and punitive post-facto EC mechanism is necessary as a second-best tool in a system still evolving toward full institutional maturity.post-facto EC must carry more onerous conditions than prior EC.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-2 : Judiciary- Environmental jurisprudence- SC judgement in Environmental clearance-CREDA v. Vanshakti (2025)
🅾️Prior EC must continue to be the default and mandatory gateway for any new or expanding project.A governance system that pretends it can implement rigid absolutism will produce worse outcomes including zero enforcement in practice.
🅾️Prior EC must remain the anchor of India’s environmental rule of law; however, a narrowly designed, transparent, and punitive post-facto EC mechanism is necessary as a second-best tool in a system still evolving toward full institutional maturity.post-facto EC must carry more onerous conditions than prior EC.
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Resource Mobilization- Minerals
✅Gs-1 : Geography--Mines and Minerals- Rare Earths- Why are they called critical minerals?- Ex: Read this
🔰Why Critical Minerals Are No Longer Optional-Two structural shifts have redefined global geopolitics: Click here
⚠️So= we should know that Mining reforms help us dig, not refine.This is why almost every country struggles - except China, which invested for two decades. To fix this, the article proposes five connected steps to build a full value chain. Read this about RareEarth magnet scheme.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Subscribe to VK IAS's YouTube channel : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-1 : Geography--Mines and Minerals- Rare Earths- Why are they called critical minerals?- Ex: Read this
🔰Why Critical Minerals Are No Longer Optional-Two structural shifts have redefined global geopolitics: Click here
⚠️So= we should know that Mining reforms help us dig, not refine.This is why almost every country struggles - except China, which invested for two decades. To fix this, the article proposes five connected steps to build a full value chain. Read this about RareEarth magnet scheme.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Subscribe to VK IAS's YouTube channel : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Climate change- climate policy and climate transition.
🅾️This is how you generate points in upsc mains?- Energy transition-VK IAS
https://youtu.be/9PXE0bjVlro
⚠️7 point agenda for decarbonization- decarbonization-Environment- India- LT-LEDS
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️This is how you generate points in upsc mains?- Energy transition-VK IAS
https://youtu.be/9PXE0bjVlro
⚠️7 point agenda for decarbonization- decarbonization-Environment- India- LT-LEDS
⚡️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from VKIAS Interview Batch 2025
Just for a clarification for new entrants on the group : There is a self assessment assignment which helped candidates to see a 30-40 mark jump in their interview scores- that single activity has resulted in a huge jump because it is about create a consistent well thought out philosophy about your OWN LIFE. PT is ultimately ABOUT YOU!
If you think anybody else can KNOW YOU BETTER than yourself- you are underestimating yourself- which means you are losing control- SO I URGE EVERYONE-ESPECIALLY the ones who are having the first Interview slot to FIX that issue first- dont rely on Current affairs Alone.
🅾️There will be the first session on PT training tomorrow at 10 AM- do attend it.l for interaction.
For details and Any other doubts?- contact @vk_ias
If you think anybody else can KNOW YOU BETTER than yourself- you are underestimating yourself- which means you are losing control- SO I URGE EVERYONE-ESPECIALLY the ones who are having the first Interview slot to FIX that issue first- dont rely on Current affairs Alone.
🅾️There will be the first session on PT training tomorrow at 10 AM- do attend it.l for interaction.
For details and Any other doubts?- contact @vk_ias
✅Why do most students fail prelims?
☀️Join this channel- for insights
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9eMCF3gvWjWIsiTa2V/343
☀️Join this channel- for insights
https://whatsapp.com/channel/0029Va9eMCF3gvWjWIsiTa2V/343
⚠️Some important Interview topics
⚜️1.Presidential reference- Click here
⚜️2. CREDA v. Vanshakti (2025)- Click here
⚜️3. Multi pronged approach to end Gender violence- Click here
⚜️4. Climate change- Carbon markets- India- Click here
⚜️5. China model = NOT socialism” → It is state capitalism, not socialism.
⚜️6. Demographic studies- Census- Click here
⚜️1.Presidential reference- Click here
⚜️2. CREDA v. Vanshakti (2025)- Click here
⚜️3. Multi pronged approach to end Gender violence- Click here
⚜️4. Climate change- Carbon markets- India- Click here
⚜️5. China model = NOT socialism” → It is state capitalism, not socialism.
⚜️6. Demographic studies- Census- Click here
⚠️Just a clarification for new applicants- fill this form- https://forms.gle/hYwLWzVtWTbbXm1J9
🅾️Past results- Click here
Contact : @vk_ias for more details.
🅾️Past results- Click here
Contact : @vk_ias for more details.