✅Gs-2 : Judiciary- Appointment of Ad-Hoc judges
🔰Facts of the issue :
🅾️The Supreme Court on January 30, 2025, permitted High Courts to appoint retired judges on an ad-hoc basis to address the backlog of cases. These judges can only hear criminal appeals as part of a bench led by a sitting judge.
🅾️Article 224A of the Constitution allows appointment of retired judges as ad-hoc judges in High Courts.Courts face a high backlog of cases. The concept of ad-hoc judges is being explored as a short-term solution.
⚠️ NOTE these points for UPSC prelims :
🚫Ad-hoc judges CANNOT be elevated to permanent High Court positions, so their appointment does not impact the regular judicial promotion process.
🌟Judicial independence is NOT compromised, as retired judges are not influenced by career aspirations.
🅾️Appointments require presidential approval, making government cooperation crucial.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🔰Facts of the issue :
🅾️The Supreme Court on January 30, 2025, permitted High Courts to appoint retired judges on an ad-hoc basis to address the backlog of cases. These judges can only hear criminal appeals as part of a bench led by a sitting judge.
🅾️Article 224A of the Constitution allows appointment of retired judges as ad-hoc judges in High Courts.Courts face a high backlog of cases. The concept of ad-hoc judges is being explored as a short-term solution.
⚠️ NOTE these points for UPSC prelims :
🚫Ad-hoc judges CANNOT be elevated to permanent High Court positions, so their appointment does not impact the regular judicial promotion process.
🌟Judicial independence is NOT compromised, as retired judges are not influenced by career aspirations.
🅾️Appointments require presidential approval, making government cooperation crucial.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Gs-3 : Agriculture- Fruits and Vegetables sector- Horticulture
🅾️Problem : Despite contributing around 30% to the value of crop agriculture, it receives far less policy attention and institutional support compared to cereals. Farmers often get only 30% of the final consumer price.
🔰Why?
⚜️1. 18% for fruits and 7% for vegetables are lost in the post-harvest value chain= annual loss of ₹1.53 trillion.
⚜️2. Unlike F&V Sector,in the milk sector, due to cooperatives, farmers get 65-70% of the consumer price.
⚠️Solutions Suggested & Impact on GDP:
⚜️1. Creating a National-Level F&V Cooperative (Like Amul for Milk)
⚜️2. Building Strong Market Linkages:
⚜️3. Investment in Infrastructure & Digital Integration:
✅GDP Impact:If implemented well, farmers could receive 65-70% of the final price instead of 30%- increase rural purchasing power
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🅾️Problem : Despite contributing around 30% to the value of crop agriculture, it receives far less policy attention and institutional support compared to cereals. Farmers often get only 30% of the final consumer price.
🔰Why?
⚜️1. 18% for fruits and 7% for vegetables are lost in the post-harvest value chain= annual loss of ₹1.53 trillion.
⚜️2. Unlike F&V Sector,in the milk sector, due to cooperatives, farmers get 65-70% of the consumer price.
⚠️Solutions Suggested & Impact on GDP:
⚜️1. Creating a National-Level F&V Cooperative (Like Amul for Milk)
⚜️2. Building Strong Market Linkages:
⚜️3. Investment in Infrastructure & Digital Integration:
✅GDP Impact:If implemented well, farmers could receive 65-70% of the final price instead of 30%- increase rural purchasing power
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅Update on Economic survey for UPSC CSE prelims 2025, premiering tomorrow : https://youtu.be/0mNi6IYlrjc
Why should you watch this series?
🅾️1. Easy to remember - use of analogies to integrate static concepts with Survey trends- V. important for MCQs
🅾️2. Shortest way to cover both static and dynamic content - i.e. Say if you are reading chapter 1 of Survey- You need to revise concepts of GDP calculation and UPSC PYQs- all of them are done here at one place in just about 30 min. Depending on the response, will also add PYQs in subsequent Videos.
⚠️⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Why should you watch this series?
🅾️1. Easy to remember - use of analogies to integrate static concepts with Survey trends- V. important for MCQs
🅾️2. Shortest way to cover both static and dynamic content - i.e. Say if you are reading chapter 1 of Survey- You need to revise concepts of GDP calculation and UPSC PYQs- all of them are done here at one place in just about 30 min. Depending on the response, will also add PYQs in subsequent Videos.
⚠️⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Please watch L1. Of economic survey series 2025-
https://youtu.be/0mNi6IYlrjc
https://youtu.be/0mNi6IYlrjc
✅Gs-3 : Pollution- Air Pollution- pollution burden of thermal power-producing states and case for compensation mechanisms
🅾️States that generate thermal power bear the pollution cost (high carbon emissions, environmental damage) but the electricity is used elsewhere.
⚜️Example: Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Jharkhand produce a significant share of electricity but consume less.
⚜️States like Bihar, Delhi, and Punjab import electricity but don’t bear the pollution costs.States cannot tax electricity generation (only consumption). Unlike mining, there is no compensation mechanism for power production states. So the proposed solution is to create a taxation/compensation model where revenue is distributed fairly.
🌟A possible solution:
⚜️Introduce a Carbon Tax Fund- Not a new idea- we discussed it here
⚜️Allocate a share of revenue to affected states
✅TAKE AWAY FOR PRELIMS- READ THIS INFOGRAPHIC- Click here
⚠️PLEASE subscribe to Youtube : Click here and join the VKIAS
🅾️States that generate thermal power bear the pollution cost (high carbon emissions, environmental damage) but the electricity is used elsewhere.
⚜️Example: Chhattisgarh, Odisha, and Jharkhand produce a significant share of electricity but consume less.
⚜️States like Bihar, Delhi, and Punjab import electricity but don’t bear the pollution costs.States cannot tax electricity generation (only consumption). Unlike mining, there is no compensation mechanism for power production states. So the proposed solution is to create a taxation/compensation model where revenue is distributed fairly.
🌟A possible solution:
⚜️Introduce a Carbon Tax Fund- Not a new idea- we discussed it here
⚜️Allocate a share of revenue to affected states
✅TAKE AWAY FOR PRELIMS- READ THIS INFOGRAPHIC- Click here
⚠️PLEASE subscribe to Youtube : Click here and join the VKIAS
Forwarded from VK IAS(UPSC Highlights)- History
#GS1-#Art_and_Culture #Personalities
🔴GS1- Art and culture
✅Excavations at Mayiladumparai (Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu) show iron usage began around 4,200 years ago (~3rd millennium BCE).
⚜️Traditional View: Iron came to India around 700 BCE, first used in Gangetic Plains (UP, Bihar, Jharkhand).
⚜️New Findings: Tamil Nadu may have used iron much earlier (around 3,345 BCE – 2,953 BCE).
⚜️Site of Discovery: Mayiladumparai, Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu.
⚜️Evidence Found: Iron tools, slag, furnaces, and radiocarbon dating.
⚜️Historical Impact: Tamil Nadu might have directly entered the Iron Age, skipping the Copper Age due to lack of copper deposits.
🅾️Keeladi findings significance- Click here
🔶Also read about Thamirabarani civilisation
🔶Nayakas of Keladi- Click here
➡️Join : @historyhighlights for History news.
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🔴GS1- Art and culture
✅Excavations at Mayiladumparai (Krishnagiri district, Tamil Nadu) show iron usage began around 4,200 years ago (~3rd millennium BCE).
⚜️Traditional View: Iron came to India around 700 BCE, first used in Gangetic Plains (UP, Bihar, Jharkhand).
⚜️New Findings: Tamil Nadu may have used iron much earlier (around 3,345 BCE – 2,953 BCE).
⚜️Site of Discovery: Mayiladumparai, Krishnagiri District, Tamil Nadu.
⚜️Evidence Found: Iron tools, slag, furnaces, and radiocarbon dating.
⚜️Historical Impact: Tamil Nadu might have directly entered the Iron Age, skipping the Copper Age due to lack of copper deposits.
🅾️Keeladi findings significance- Click here
🔶Also read about Thamirabarani civilisation
🔶Nayakas of Keladi- Click here
➡️Join : @historyhighlights for History news.
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
✅GS2- Poverty and Hunger issues- Paradox of Malnutrition Despite Biodiversity-Case study of Koraput - a biodiversity-rich region in Odisha, home to tribal communities.
⚠️But it has high malnutrition rates: This shows that availability of biodiversity does not ensure nutritional security unless communities have knowledge of nutrition and food diversity.
🅾️Focus area : Transformation Through Community-Based Nutrition Literacy- Women-led transformation: Many became “community nutrition champions”, teaching others.
🅾️Application in Other Tribal Areas → Can be replicated in other Scheduled Tribe-dominated areas facing malnutrition
➡️We previously discussed this- state of India's tribal people's health report-1st of its kind- Click here and also read the comments below that news- VERY USEFUL for anthro students
🅾️Also read- Food Fortification as a strategy- Issues in Jharkhand's Tribal Population= Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
⚠️But it has high malnutrition rates: This shows that availability of biodiversity does not ensure nutritional security unless communities have knowledge of nutrition and food diversity.
🅾️Focus area : Transformation Through Community-Based Nutrition Literacy- Women-led transformation: Many became “community nutrition champions”, teaching others.
🅾️Application in Other Tribal Areas → Can be replicated in other Scheduled Tribe-dominated areas facing malnutrition
➡️We previously discussed this- state of India's tribal people's health report-1st of its kind- Click here and also read the comments below that news- VERY USEFUL for anthro students
🅾️Also read- Food Fortification as a strategy- Issues in Jharkhand's Tribal Population= Click here
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
✅Gs-4 : Ethics- Ranveer's case ( Beer Biceps' Controversy)
🅾️ "Is there a right to take offence?
⚠️Funda: Offence is internal, while harm is external. So, Can a subjective emotional response (offence) be legally protected as a right?
⚠️If a "right to offence" existed, it would mean:
🅾️Any person could demand censorship of any speech.
🅾️This would undermine free speech .
✅What if offence leads to violence?- The responsibility for violence lies with the perpetrator, not the speaker (except in incitement cases). If someone reacts violently to speech, the problem is their response, not the speech itself. Otherwise, violent groups could silence any opposing views.
⚠️So what should be the conclusion?- A society that protects the right to offence over free speech will move towards authoritarianism → Allowing subjective offence to dictate law erodes liberty and democracy. Thus, taking offence is a personal choice, not a legal right.
✅Join : Ethics channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
🅾️ "Is there a right to take offence?
⚠️Funda: Offence is internal, while harm is external. So, Can a subjective emotional response (offence) be legally protected as a right?
⚠️If a "right to offence" existed, it would mean:
🅾️Any person could demand censorship of any speech.
🅾️This would undermine free speech .
✅What if offence leads to violence?- The responsibility for violence lies with the perpetrator, not the speaker (except in incitement cases). If someone reacts violently to speech, the problem is their response, not the speech itself. Otherwise, violent groups could silence any opposing views.
⚠️So what should be the conclusion?- A society that protects the right to offence over free speech will move towards authoritarianism → Allowing subjective offence to dictate law erodes liberty and democracy. Thus, taking offence is a personal choice, not a legal right.
✅Join : Ethics channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
✅Gs-2 : Governance- Accountability and Transparency- Whistle blowers bill
📍Transparency is about the openness in process- builds trust.
⚜️Why is trust important?- Click here
➡️Initiatives To Enhance Transparency :
⚜️1. RTI- Click here
🛑 1. 1 Best practices- jan soochna portal
⚜️2. Legislations on public service delivery- Eg- Water
⚜️3. Citizens Charter- Example
⚜️4. e-gov- Click here
⚜️5. e-procurement - Click here
⚜️6. Whistle Blowers Act-Click here+ this article
📍Accountability-means govt- explain one's actions or judgment-Being responsible
➡️Initiatives To Enhance A/C :
⚜️1. Lokpal-
⚜️2. Lokayukta
⚜️3. Public Interest Litigation
⚜️4.CPGRAMS
⚜️5.CVC
⚜️6.CAG
⚜️7.Public Accounts Committee debate
🔰Join @hinduhighlights
📍Transparency is about the openness in process- builds trust.
⚜️Why is trust important?- Click here
➡️Initiatives To Enhance Transparency :
⚜️1. RTI- Click here
🛑 1. 1 Best practices- jan soochna portal
⚜️2. Legislations on public service delivery- Eg- Water
⚜️3. Citizens Charter- Example
⚜️4. e-gov- Click here
⚜️5. e-procurement - Click here
⚜️6. Whistle Blowers Act-Click here+ this article
📍Accountability-means govt- explain one's actions or judgment-Being responsible
➡️Initiatives To Enhance A/C :
⚜️1. Lokpal-
⚜️2. Lokayukta
⚜️3. Public Interest Litigation
⚜️4.CPGRAMS
⚜️5.CVC
⚜️6.CAG
⚜️7.Public Accounts Committee debate
🔰Join @hinduhighlights
✅Gs-2 : Governance- Accountability and Transparency
➡️The framework for this topic is given in this link-> click here
👆In the above embedded article- Under Initiatives To Enhance Transparency- RTI is the first topic : So this present article is the latest development on that issue- CLick here
⚠️Latest issues : High disposal rates of cases in High Courts (over 2,500 per year per judge) contrast with a much lower rate in RTI commissions, where cases remain pending for over a year.
Delays and inefficiencies discourage RTI users, limiting its practical impact.The Girish Ramchandra Deshpande case (2012) became a landmark judgment that expanded the definition of “personal information” and restricted access to government-related data
🚫Overall impact : The original intent of RTI—to enhance transparency—is being eroded through legal interpretations, bureaucratic inefficiency, and misuse of exemption clauses.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
➡️The framework for this topic is given in this link-> click here
👆In the above embedded article- Under Initiatives To Enhance Transparency- RTI is the first topic : So this present article is the latest development on that issue- CLick here
⚠️Latest issues : High disposal rates of cases in High Courts (over 2,500 per year per judge) contrast with a much lower rate in RTI commissions, where cases remain pending for over a year.
Delays and inefficiencies discourage RTI users, limiting its practical impact.The Girish Ramchandra Deshpande case (2012) became a landmark judgment that expanded the definition of “personal information” and restricted access to government-related data
🚫Overall impact : The original intent of RTI—to enhance transparency—is being eroded through legal interpretations, bureaucratic inefficiency, and misuse of exemption clauses.
🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
🔰VK IAS- FREE Current affairs series for Prelims 2025- A consolidated and struct
A VERY IMP video on plastic pollution-
https://youtu.be/IznEyo59jng
🅾️1. Free High yielding current affairs lecture playlist- Click here
🅾️2. Economic Survey Lecture playlist- Click here
PLEASE subscribe to ⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
A VERY IMP video on plastic pollution-
https://youtu.be/IznEyo59jng
🅾️1. Free High yielding current affairs lecture playlist- Click here
🅾️2. Economic Survey Lecture playlist- Click here
PLEASE subscribe to ⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
Forwarded from VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
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🛑👆2023 UPSC ASPIRANTS enrolling for Elimination Technique classes before clearing their basics😁. Reverse Engineering does not work this way guys- There are no shortcuts .
A knife is Tool in both a butcher and a doctor's tool kit. Both are not same🙂Please work on your basics first to learn how to use the right tools at the right time. This isn't a 100 Metre race but a marathon that needs patience and endurance. Why am I giving this muft Gyan now?😁 - because I have had 11 such queries in past 2 days from 2023 aspirants.
A knife is Tool in both a butcher and a doctor's tool kit. Both are not same🙂Please work on your basics first to learn how to use the right tools at the right time. This isn't a 100 Metre race but a marathon that needs patience and endurance. Why am I giving this muft Gyan now?😁 - because I have had 11 such queries in past 2 days from 2023 aspirants.
VK IAS by Vikas kanukollu (VK)
🛑👆2023 UPSC ASPIRANTS enrolling for Elimination Technique classes before clearing their basics😁. Reverse Engineering does not work this way guys- There are no shortcuts . A knife is Tool in both a butcher and a doctor's tool kit. Both are not same🙂Please…
This is for 2023- this year itis about using AI tools - Guys, please stick to basics :)
The big brother( UPSC) is watching us 🙂
The big brother( UPSC) is watching us 🙂
Why are we Demotivated in your UPSC prep ? How to get out of this? Listen to this!
https://youtube.com/shorts/LtWYVUeuPIY?feature=share
https://youtube.com/shorts/LtWYVUeuPIY?feature=share
✅Gs-2: social issues- Health- Cash transfers to pregnant women-Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY)
🅾️Under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, all pregnant women (except those employed in the formal sector) are entitled to maternity benefits of at least ₹6,000.
⚠️This is where you can make a mistake for prelims
🅾️1. The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) provides financial assistance to all pregnant women without any restrictions?- NO! PMMVY applies only to the first child (recently extended to second child if the baby is a girl).
😁2. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 provides paid leave, not cash transfers. Also this Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, mandates 26 weeks of paid leave ONLY for formal sector employees, not all women.
🅾️1. Free High yielding current affairs lecture for Prelims playlist- Click here
🅾️2. Economic Survey Lecture for prelims playlist- Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
🅾️Under the National Food Security Act (NFSA) 2013, all pregnant women (except those employed in the formal sector) are entitled to maternity benefits of at least ₹6,000.
⚠️This is where you can make a mistake for prelims
🅾️1. The Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) provides financial assistance to all pregnant women without any restrictions?- NO! PMMVY applies only to the first child (recently extended to second child if the baby is a girl).
😁2. The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961 provides paid leave, not cash transfers. Also this Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, mandates 26 weeks of paid leave ONLY for formal sector employees, not all women.
🅾️1. Free High yielding current affairs lecture for Prelims playlist- Click here
🅾️2. Economic Survey Lecture for prelims playlist- Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
✅How are these charts important for Prelims? - there is a HIGH CHANCE that UPSC will move away from basic CRR, SLR , Type of questions! There is a very high chance that you are expected to know the basics in depth- Like Provisioning vs capital requirements! Basel norms- ROE,ROA, GNPA, NNPA etc.
⚠️MOST IMPORTANT CHAPTER OF ECONOMIC SURVEY for prelims- Video will be streamed on youtube tonight!
🚫Why is it important?- Because every year 2-3 questions come from money and banking- Conceptual clarity along with facts is VERY IMP- STAY TUNED
Economic Survey Lecture for prelims playlist- Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel
⚠️MOST IMPORTANT CHAPTER OF ECONOMIC SURVEY for prelims- Video will be streamed on youtube tonight!
🚫Why is it important?- Because every year 2-3 questions come from money and banking- Conceptual clarity along with facts is VERY IMP- STAY TUNED
Economic Survey Lecture for prelims playlist- Click here
⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS youtube channel