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✅Gs-1 : Indian society- Role of women
⚠️MUST READ article : Concept of intersectionality
🅾️What to look at in this article : read basic Indian society from NCERT and then look for these aspects in the article
⚜️1. How socio-economic and caste factors affect women's entry into the labor force?
⚜️2. Understand female engagements in non-formal economic activities within the Indian labor market
⚜️3. critical role primary education plays for women
⚜️4. How , despite Initiatives to improve women's participation, caste and gender biases continue to create significant hurdles- focus on the intersectionality of gender and caste.
⚜️5. Association between employment and age of marriage
⚜️6. Economic Constraints and Labor Market Dynamics
📍Conclusion : Policy Implications-need for more comprehensive exploration and understanding of gender and caste dynamics
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
⚠️MUST READ article : Concept of intersectionality
🅾️What to look at in this article : read basic Indian society from NCERT and then look for these aspects in the article
⚜️1. How socio-economic and caste factors affect women's entry into the labor force?
⚜️2. Understand female engagements in non-formal economic activities within the Indian labor market
⚜️3. critical role primary education plays for women
⚜️4. How , despite Initiatives to improve women's participation, caste and gender biases continue to create significant hurdles- focus on the intersectionality of gender and caste.
⚜️5. Association between employment and age of marriage
⚜️6. Economic Constraints and Labor Market Dynamics
📍Conclusion : Policy Implications-need for more comprehensive exploration and understanding of gender and caste dynamics
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Gs-3 : Agriculture- WTO- Food security
🅾️India aims to protect its right to purchase food grains from its farmers at minimum support prices (MSP) without violating the WTO’s Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) rules.India argues that its MSP policy doesn't limit how much rice the government can buy, as the AoA quantifies "eligible production" to assess if a country's support exceeds the allowed amount. India's MSP is under scrutiny as it may exceed the AoA limits.
🅾️The currency devaluation is also discussed as a factor that affects the calculation of MSP and market price support. The AoA uses external reference prices set in the 1986-88 period, and currency fluctuations can affect how domestic support is calculated.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️India aims to protect its right to purchase food grains from its farmers at minimum support prices (MSP) without violating the WTO’s Agreement on Agriculture (AoA) rules.India argues that its MSP policy doesn't limit how much rice the government can buy, as the AoA quantifies "eligible production" to assess if a country's support exceeds the allowed amount. India's MSP is under scrutiny as it may exceed the AoA limits.
🅾️The currency devaluation is also discussed as a factor that affects the calculation of MSP and market price support. The AoA uses external reference prices set in the 1986-88 period, and currency fluctuations can affect how domestic support is calculated.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Gs-3 : Internal security- Border management- FMR
🅾️The FMR, put into effect in 2018, permits inhabitants along the India-Myanmar frontier to cross 16 kilometers into the neighboring nation's land without the need for a visa.
🅾️Reason : recent surge in migration due to the conflict in Myanmar, and the Indian government's intention to only allow those with valid documentation to enter India post the reevaluation of the FMR.
🅾️Internal security- - India's refugee policy- Rohingya issue
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️The FMR, put into effect in 2018, permits inhabitants along the India-Myanmar frontier to cross 16 kilometers into the neighboring nation's land without the need for a visa.
🅾️Reason : recent surge in migration due to the conflict in Myanmar, and the Indian government's intention to only allow those with valid documentation to enter India post the reevaluation of the FMR.
🅾️Internal security- - India's refugee policy- Rohingya issue
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Gs-2 : Fundamental Rights- Aligarh Muslim University's (AMU) minority status
🅾️Context : Article 30(1) of the Indian Constitution allows minorities to establish and run educational institutions. It's debated whether AMU qualifies as a minority institution.
🅾️Issue : AMU was founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as a college in 1877. It became a university in 1920 through legislation.The dispute started in 1967 when the Supreme Court examined changes to the AMU Act and questioned if AMU was established by the Muslim minority. In 2005, AMU tried to reserve 50% of seats for Muslim students, which was challenged in court.
🅾️Present situation : The Supreme Court is now reassessing AMU's minority status, debating if an institution established by a statute can claim this status.
🅾️Legal Arguments: Arguments include whether AMU gave up its minority status by being established through legislation and if the AMU Act respects its minority character.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️Context : Article 30(1) of the Indian Constitution allows minorities to establish and run educational institutions. It's debated whether AMU qualifies as a minority institution.
🅾️Issue : AMU was founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan as a college in 1877. It became a university in 1920 through legislation.The dispute started in 1967 when the Supreme Court examined changes to the AMU Act and questioned if AMU was established by the Muslim minority. In 2005, AMU tried to reserve 50% of seats for Muslim students, which was challenged in court.
🅾️Present situation : The Supreme Court is now reassessing AMU's minority status, debating if an institution established by a statute can claim this status.
🅾️Legal Arguments: Arguments include whether AMU gave up its minority status by being established through legislation and if the AMU Act respects its minority character.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Gs-2 : IR- India- France Relations
🅾️Enhancing collaboration in defense production, joint military exercises, and defense technology transfers can serve as effective means to strengthen the robust defense relationship between India and France- Click here
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Enhancing collaboration in defense production, joint military exercises, and defense technology transfers can serve as effective means to strengthen the robust defense relationship between India and France- Click here
⚠️Gs2-IR/PSIR channel link : https://www.tg-me.com/UPSC_PSIR_IR
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
➡️If you are struggling with prelims- Click here for a solution
➡️This is not just another crash course. Every question in the program is designed to revise atleast 2 static concepts and its link to PYQs.
➡️Cover this flexible program at your own pace by understanding the examiner mindset for every topic
➡️Understand what to cover from the ocean of information (including Current affairs)
📞Contact - Team VK IAS ( @VK_IAS)
➡️This is not just another crash course. Every question in the program is designed to revise atleast 2 static concepts and its link to PYQs.
➡️Cover this flexible program at your own pace by understanding the examiner mindset for every topic
➡️Understand what to cover from the ocean of information (including Current affairs)
📞Contact - Team VK IAS ( @VK_IAS)
⚠️List of important issues for UPSC Interviews- Phase 2
🅾️1. Internal security challenges- Click here and here
🅾️2. Change in labour force structure- Click here
🅾️3. e-FIR- Read about the entire criminal justice system work flow- Click here (Very Relevant for people already in IPS/ those with law optional)
🅾️4. Important sea lanes of navigation- How they will impact the world order?- Malacca Strait blockade + Panama and red sea
🅾️5. Problems with India- Israel- Dehyphenation policy
🅾️6. Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023- Click here
➡️I will provide a list of articles every day- Please prepare this ( If you are in the interview mentorship sessions- we can briefly discuss this in our periodic discussion sessions)
If you are preparing for interview and need help- Contact @Vk_ias
🅾️1. Internal security challenges- Click here and here
🅾️2. Change in labour force structure- Click here
🅾️3. e-FIR- Read about the entire criminal justice system work flow- Click here (Very Relevant for people already in IPS/ those with law optional)
🅾️4. Important sea lanes of navigation- How they will impact the world order?- Malacca Strait blockade + Panama and red sea
🅾️5. Problems with India- Israel- Dehyphenation policy
🅾️6. Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023- Click here
➡️I will provide a list of articles every day- Please prepare this ( If you are in the interview mentorship sessions- we can briefly discuss this in our periodic discussion sessions)
If you are preparing for interview and need help- Contact @Vk_ias
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✅Gs-1 : Salient features of Indian society- Migration patterns
✅Gs-2 : IR- Indian Diaspora
🅾️Why are we witnessing migration even when India is doing well?
⚜️1. Intellectual and Capital Flight- Employment Opportunities- aspiration for a better quality of life-allure of a Western education and the opportunities it brings
⚜️2. Some Individuals migrate to be with family members who are already settled abroad.
⚜️3. Increased awareness of global opportunities and ease of migration due to better connectivity.
⚜️4. With the rise of remote work and digital platforms, individuals have more flexibility to work from anywhere, encouraging the move to countries with better technological infrastructure.
⚜️5. Despite economic growth, issues of social inequality, discrimination, and lack of opportunities in certain sectors drive people to seek better prospects elsewhere-- Caste and International Migration standards.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Gs-2 : IR- Indian Diaspora
🅾️Why are we witnessing migration even when India is doing well?
⚜️1. Intellectual and Capital Flight- Employment Opportunities- aspiration for a better quality of life-allure of a Western education and the opportunities it brings
⚜️2. Some Individuals migrate to be with family members who are already settled abroad.
⚜️3. Increased awareness of global opportunities and ease of migration due to better connectivity.
⚜️4. With the rise of remote work and digital platforms, individuals have more flexibility to work from anywhere, encouraging the move to countries with better technological infrastructure.
⚜️5. Despite economic growth, issues of social inequality, discrimination, and lack of opportunities in certain sectors drive people to seek better prospects elsewhere-- Caste and International Migration standards.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Part 2 : List of important issues for UPSC Interviews- Phase 2
1. Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability and impact on states
2. State funding of elections and electoral bonds-Political funding
3. transformative constitutionalism-i.e. Social Revolution and Transformation-debate on adultery as a crime.
4. Rat hole mining and rescue operation for workers trapped in a collapsed tunnel
5. Multiple issues around governor- Click here
6. Issue of climate finance- OECD report on climate finance
7. What are the systemic changes that 26/11 terror attacks induced?
8. 🅾️Four dimensions of IR- MUST READ article
9. The India Justice Report 2022
10. ⚠️State Size Paradox: India, with a vast bureaucracy, struggles to perform effectively, mirroring both under and over-staffed issues in its public sector
✅PART 1 of List of important issues for UPSC Interviews- Phase 2 is given here- Click here
🔰Those who were actively participating in the discussions- good job guys- Will continue to add points to your discussions on these issues apart from the one to one sessions- Contact @Vk_ias
1. Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability and impact on states
2. State funding of elections and electoral bonds-Political funding
3. transformative constitutionalism-i.e. Social Revolution and Transformation-debate on adultery as a crime.
4. Rat hole mining and rescue operation for workers trapped in a collapsed tunnel
5. Multiple issues around governor- Click here
6. Issue of climate finance- OECD report on climate finance
7. What are the systemic changes that 26/11 terror attacks induced?
8. 🅾️Four dimensions of IR- MUST READ article
9. The India Justice Report 2022
10. ⚠️State Size Paradox: India, with a vast bureaucracy, struggles to perform effectively, mirroring both under and over-staffed issues in its public sector
✅PART 1 of List of important issues for UPSC Interviews- Phase 2 is given here- Click here
🔰Those who were actively participating in the discussions- good job guys- Will continue to add points to your discussions on these issues apart from the one to one sessions- Contact @Vk_ias
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✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Economic indicators
🅾️ Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is losing relevance as an economic indicator- Reasons?
⚜️1. Divergence from GDP Growth: IIP prints increasingly produce results that are out of sync with GDP trends
⚜️2. Obsolete Base Year: The base year of the IIP, which is essential for comparison over time, is not updated frequently enough.
⚜️3. The IIP uses a fixed weighting system for the various sectors it measures, which may not accurately reflect the current industrial landscape
⚜️4. Services not exactly reflected
⚜️5. The index does not adequately account for new goods like smart phones
⚜️6. skewed towards certain sectors like automobile production
⚜️7. Lack of Real-Time Data-IIP has not kept pace with technological advancements
⚜️8. IIP may not fully capture the complexities of global supply chain dynamics
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️ Index of Industrial Production (IIP) is losing relevance as an economic indicator- Reasons?
⚜️1. Divergence from GDP Growth: IIP prints increasingly produce results that are out of sync with GDP trends
⚜️2. Obsolete Base Year: The base year of the IIP, which is essential for comparison over time, is not updated frequently enough.
⚜️3. The IIP uses a fixed weighting system for the various sectors it measures, which may not accurately reflect the current industrial landscape
⚜️4. Services not exactly reflected
⚜️5. The index does not adequately account for new goods like smart phones
⚜️6. skewed towards certain sectors like automobile production
⚜️7. Lack of Real-Time Data-IIP has not kept pace with technological advancements
⚜️8. IIP may not fully capture the complexities of global supply chain dynamics
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Part 3 : List of important issues for UPSC Interviews- Phase 2
⚜️1. COP 28 discussions on health- Click here and here
⚜️2. Agri food systems- Click here
⚜️3. Deep fakes regulation- Click here
⚜️4. Tourism potential of Ayodhya Ram mandir- Click here
⚜️5. NCRB data on women- Click here
⚜️6. Pradhan Mantri-Jan Aadiwasi Nyay Yojana (PM-JANAM)- Click here
⚜️7. Nature of relation between J&K and India- Art 370 Analysis
⚜️8. Present global economic status- Click here- MUST READ
✅PART 1 and 2 of List of important issues for UPSC Interviews- Phase 2 is given here- Click here
🔰Those who were actively participating in the discussions- good job guys- Will continue to add points to your discussions on these issues apart from the one to one sessions- Contact @Vk_ias
⚜️1. COP 28 discussions on health- Click here and here
⚜️2. Agri food systems- Click here
⚜️3. Deep fakes regulation- Click here
⚜️4. Tourism potential of Ayodhya Ram mandir- Click here
⚜️5. NCRB data on women- Click here
⚜️6. Pradhan Mantri-Jan Aadiwasi Nyay Yojana (PM-JANAM)- Click here
⚜️7. Nature of relation between J&K and India- Art 370 Analysis
⚜️8. Present global economic status- Click here- MUST READ
✅PART 1 and 2 of List of important issues for UPSC Interviews- Phase 2 is given here- Click here
🔰Those who were actively participating in the discussions- good job guys- Will continue to add points to your discussions on these issues apart from the one to one sessions- Contact @Vk_ias
✅There shall be no Economic survey before prelims - This is because Interim budget is presented in the election year and government cannot declare anything radical before elections . Note that interim Budget is not an official term. ( that is : it is not found in constitution) Officially, it’s called a ‘vote on account’( ART 116)
Practically speaking
Though both are interchangeably used, an interim budget is one which contains both expenditure and revnue whereas vote on account is like seeking a permission from parliament to withdraw money from consolidated fund of india.
🅾️In 2019, Economic survey was released on July 4th after the election results were out.
➡️So in a way one less burden for prelims😁
Practically speaking
Though both are interchangeably used, an interim budget is one which contains both expenditure and revnue whereas vote on account is like seeking a permission from parliament to withdraw money from consolidated fund of india.
🅾️In 2019, Economic survey was released on July 4th after the election results were out.
➡️So in a way one less burden for prelims😁
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth- Sectors of economy- Tourism
🅾️Context : nuances of island tourism and development, comparing India's approach with that of the Maldives.
➡️Maldives has a tourism model that restricts local access to islands and has different rules for tourists and citizens but Tourism development in India respects local communities and aims to be inclusive.
📍You can use this article as an example to cite in your Interviews and mains exam.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️Context : nuances of island tourism and development, comparing India's approach with that of the Maldives.
➡️Maldives has a tourism model that restricts local access to islands and has different rules for tourists and citizens but Tourism development in India respects local communities and aims to be inclusive.
📍You can use this article as an example to cite in your Interviews and mains exam.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Gs-3 : Internal security- Defence
📍The need for National Maritime awareness strategy : Click here
➡️Context : The importance of a robust Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) framework for India to maintain and enhance its maritime security.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
📍The need for National Maritime awareness strategy : Click here
➡️Context : The importance of a robust Maritime Domain Awareness (MDA) framework for India to maintain and enhance its maritime security.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology/Agriculture
🅾️What are DRONES?- CLick here
📍This article is about how drones can be helpful in entire agrivalue chain- very useful for all stages of exam.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️What are DRONES?- CLick here
📍This article is about how drones can be helpful in entire agrivalue chain- very useful for all stages of exam.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
✅Gs-3 : Government budgeting- Fiscal deficit- issues
🅾️Operational leverage: The concept implies that fixed costs (like debt servicing) take up a large part of the budget, leaving little room for other expenses, which can be risky if revenue falls- See how much percentage goes for interest payments
🅾️Primary deficit: When government spending (excluding interest on debt) exceeds revenue, it is termed a primary deficit, leading to increased debt if not managed properly.This article discusses the concept of maintaining a small primary surplus in public finance, which means the government should regularly spend less than it earns before accounting for interest payments.
🅾️What is the government way of dealing it as of now?- Click here
🅾️How to make it better?- Public debt management agency
➡️Finally- The role of the Indian state: It should evolve from a borrower to a wealth creator for its citizens, ensuring financial stability and growth.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🅾️Operational leverage: The concept implies that fixed costs (like debt servicing) take up a large part of the budget, leaving little room for other expenses, which can be risky if revenue falls- See how much percentage goes for interest payments
🅾️Primary deficit: When government spending (excluding interest on debt) exceeds revenue, it is termed a primary deficit, leading to increased debt if not managed properly.This article discusses the concept of maintaining a small primary surplus in public finance, which means the government should regularly spend less than it earns before accounting for interest payments.
🅾️What is the government way of dealing it as of now?- Click here
🅾️How to make it better?- Public debt management agency
➡️Finally- The role of the Indian state: It should evolve from a borrower to a wealth creator for its citizens, ensuring financial stability and growth.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
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3.5 MB
✅Gs-2 : IR- West Asia-Red sea issue
🅾️There are various theaters of conflict in West Asia - Click here
➡️Under that- when we deal with houthis, this is an extremely engaging and insightful piece on history of Yemen crisis. STore this article in your archives if you are not aware of the crisis- Click here
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️There are various theaters of conflict in West Asia - Click here
➡️Under that- when we deal with houthis, this is an extremely engaging and insightful piece on history of Yemen crisis. STore this article in your archives if you are not aware of the crisis- Click here
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Economic growth models- Strategy in Amrit kaal for "Viksit Bharat" aimed at modernizing India by 2047
🅾️Why are the present economic models failing?= Economics of inclusive growth
➡️India did not follow the china model- Why- and its implications?
➡️Present article suggestions : redirect more resources towards agricultural research and development, irrigation, rural roads, and agricultural marketing to support sustainable and inclusive growth.
➡️The current budget allocation for fertilizer subsidies could be optimized and directed towards more strategic initiatives like nutritional security and climate-smart farming practices
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Why are the present economic models failing?= Economics of inclusive growth
➡️India did not follow the china model- Why- and its implications?
➡️Present article suggestions : redirect more resources towards agricultural research and development, irrigation, rural roads, and agricultural marketing to support sustainable and inclusive growth.
➡️The current budget allocation for fertilizer subsidies could be optimized and directed towards more strategic initiatives like nutritional security and climate-smart farming practices
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
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5 MB
✅Gs-1 : Salient Features of Indian society- Models of secularism-( Uniform civil code- read this for a legal perspective)
🅾️WHY DO WE NEED A UCC?- Click here
📍Present context : Uttarakhand's State Assembly has proposed a bill to introduce a Uniform Civil Code (UCC).The UCC in Uttarakhand has not been clearly defined yet, and the exact details are still being worked out.However the proposed UCC in Uttarakhand focuses on gender equality in inheritance, marriage, divorce, and adoption.
🎖Goa is often taken as the role model for Uniform civil code- Read it in detail- Especially if you are appearing for interview- Click here
🎖 Biggest hurdle : Article 25 of Indian constitution, that seeks to preserve the freedom to practise and propagate any religion V/s Article 14
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️WHY DO WE NEED A UCC?- Click here
📍Present context : Uttarakhand's State Assembly has proposed a bill to introduce a Uniform Civil Code (UCC).The UCC in Uttarakhand has not been clearly defined yet, and the exact details are still being worked out.However the proposed UCC in Uttarakhand focuses on gender equality in inheritance, marriage, divorce, and adoption.
🎖Goa is often taken as the role model for Uniform civil code- Read it in detail- Especially if you are appearing for interview- Click here
🎖 Biggest hurdle : Article 25 of Indian constitution, that seeks to preserve the freedom to practise and propagate any religion V/s Article 14
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-2 : Education- Role of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in India
🅾️Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in India are encouraged to play a more active role in bridging the gap between the education provided and the employability of students.
🅾️How to do that?- Micro-credentials are seen as a way to make students more employable-They are different from traditional degrees as they can be completed in a shorter time and are often focused on practical, job-related skills.
🅾️The National Credit Framework (NcFr) in India supports the accumulation of credits through micro-credentials towards the next level of learning.Trust in micro-credentials is important and should be fostered through alignment with high education standards and robust assessment methods.
🅾️The integration of micro-credentials into regular degree programs and their recognition alongside traditional academic metrics is discussed here.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in India are encouraged to play a more active role in bridging the gap between the education provided and the employability of students.
🅾️How to do that?- Micro-credentials are seen as a way to make students more employable-They are different from traditional degrees as they can be completed in a shorter time and are often focused on practical, job-related skills.
🅾️The National Credit Framework (NcFr) in India supports the accumulation of credits through micro-credentials towards the next level of learning.Trust in micro-credentials is important and should be fostered through alignment with high education standards and robust assessment methods.
🅾️The integration of micro-credentials into regular degree programs and their recognition alongside traditional academic metrics is discussed here.
⚠️VK IAS subject wise channels - Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu