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✅Gs-3 : Pollution - Air pollution
📍Problems:
1.Winter pollution in Delhi/North India
2.Ineffective traffic rules
3.Persistent stubble burning
📍Reasons:
1.Stubble burning main pollution source
2.Lack of cheap residue disposal methods
3.Policy enforcement gaps
4.Farmers' economic constraints
5.Weather impacts on pollution spread
6.Insufficient subsidies for equipment
📍Solutions: Read this
1.Enforce anti-burning policies
2.Increase subsidies for farm equipment
3.Promote biofuel from crop residue
4.Invest in monitoring technology
5.Engage private sector for solutions
6.Educate farmers on burning impact
7.Expand government initiatives like Pusa bio-decomposer
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📍Problems:
1.Winter pollution in Delhi/North India
2.Ineffective traffic rules
3.Persistent stubble burning
📍Reasons:
1.Stubble burning main pollution source
2.Lack of cheap residue disposal methods
3.Policy enforcement gaps
4.Farmers' economic constraints
5.Weather impacts on pollution spread
6.Insufficient subsidies for equipment
📍Solutions: Read this
1.Enforce anti-burning policies
2.Increase subsidies for farm equipment
3.Promote biofuel from crop residue
4.Invest in monitoring technology
5.Engage private sector for solutions
6.Educate farmers on burning impact
7.Expand government initiatives like Pusa bio-decomposer
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
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Wishing you all a very happy Diwali / Deepavali 🙂
✅Gs-3 : Climate change
🅾️Context : This article is about interconnectedness of environmental integrity, economic development, and the vital role of data and international collaboration in transitioning from climate pledges to concrete action.
➡️Sector Impacts: Industry, transport, buildings, 75% global GHG emissions,Targeted policy for emission cuts
➡️Economic & Environmental Balance: Pollution reduction with growth, EPA emission regulation success, Consumer savings, economic boost
➡️NGO & International Role: Technical aid from NGOs, ICCT & European Commission collaboration
Pollution rules for commercial trucks
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🅾️Context : This article is about interconnectedness of environmental integrity, economic development, and the vital role of data and international collaboration in transitioning from climate pledges to concrete action.
➡️Sector Impacts: Industry, transport, buildings, 75% global GHG emissions,Targeted policy for emission cuts
➡️Economic & Environmental Balance: Pollution reduction with growth, EPA emission regulation success, Consumer savings, economic boost
➡️NGO & International Role: Technical aid from NGOs, ICCT & European Commission collaboration
Pollution rules for commercial trucks
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✅Gs-2 : RPA- Electoral representation and regional balance topic of the day- Click here
🅾️Malapportionment. = it's the unequal representation issue plaguing our political system. It means not every vote weighs the same, and not every region gets its fair share of the say
🅾️The Delimitation Commission set out to equalize this, yet we've hit the pause button in 2002, and our electoral map is crying out for an update, with changing demographics screaming for attention.
📍What is Our roadmap to reform?
⚜️1. Increase in Parliamentary Seats
⚜️2. Delimitation should consider factors like geographical determinism, economic productivity, linguistic history, and fairness, not solely based on population- women reservation- Click here
⚜️3. Creation of a new State Reorganization Commission
⚜️4.Direct elections of mayors in urban areas- Click here
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🅾️Malapportionment. = it's the unequal representation issue plaguing our political system. It means not every vote weighs the same, and not every region gets its fair share of the say
🅾️The Delimitation Commission set out to equalize this, yet we've hit the pause button in 2002, and our electoral map is crying out for an update, with changing demographics screaming for attention.
📍What is Our roadmap to reform?
⚜️1. Increase in Parliamentary Seats
⚜️2. Delimitation should consider factors like geographical determinism, economic productivity, linguistic history, and fairness, not solely based on population- women reservation- Click here
⚜️3. Creation of a new State Reorganization Commission
⚜️4.Direct elections of mayors in urban areas- Click here
🎖Join
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✅Gs-3 : Conservation- forest rights
⚠️V. Important article : Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023
🅾️Why is the tribal panel upset with Environment Ministry over forest rights?- click here
➡️Godavarman Thirumulkpad Case:Redefinition of the term 'forest'- Because of this, even private land is now redefined as forest.
➡️It does not apply to legally diverted forest land for non-forest use between 1980 and 1996 i.e. The law restricts its applicability to areas categorized under the 1927 Forest Act and those designated as such after October 25, 1980.
⚠️Major trend : State govts show a reluctance to recognize and formalize the extensive rights of Adivasis, which might lead to larger areas of land coming under their control and potentially less land being available for government-led developmental or conservation projects.
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⚠️V. Important article : Forest Conservation Amendment Act, 2023
🅾️Why is the tribal panel upset with Environment Ministry over forest rights?- click here
➡️Godavarman Thirumulkpad Case:Redefinition of the term 'forest'- Because of this, even private land is now redefined as forest.
➡️It does not apply to legally diverted forest land for non-forest use between 1980 and 1996 i.e. The law restricts its applicability to areas categorized under the 1927 Forest Act and those designated as such after October 25, 1980.
⚠️Major trend : State govts show a reluctance to recognize and formalize the extensive rights of Adivasis, which might lead to larger areas of land coming under their control and potentially less land being available for government-led developmental or conservation projects.
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Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
✅Gs-2 : Centre - state relations- Federalism
🅾️Context :The Indian government (the Union) and the state governments are having more disagreements. This is because they are trying to make similar policies for social sectors (like health, education) and the way they oversee these policies. These attempts at making everything uniform are leading to conflicts about who should have the final say in these matters.
🅾️Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability and impact on states- click here
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🅾️Context :The Indian government (the Union) and the state governments are having more disagreements. This is because they are trying to make similar policies for social sectors (like health, education) and the way they oversee these policies. These attempts at making everything uniform are leading to conflicts about who should have the final say in these matters.
🅾️Fiscal federalism - Financial accountability and impact on states- click here
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Forwarded from VK IAS- prelims (UPSC highlights)
#SnT
✅Chikungunya Vaccine.
⚠️Other vaccine related news
🅾️1. TB vaccine : Click here
🅾️2. DNA Vaccine for Dengue
🅾️3. Mission Indradhanush
🅾️4. Vaccine for Cervical Cancer
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✅Chikungunya Vaccine.
⚠️Other vaccine related news
🅾️1. TB vaccine : Click here
🅾️2. DNA Vaccine for Dengue
🅾️3. Mission Indradhanush
🅾️4. Vaccine for Cervical Cancer
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-2 : RPA- Political funding- electoral bonds
🅾️The article outlines the complexities surrounding the Electoral Bond Scheme in India, focusing on issues of transparency, constitutional challenges, and the impact on the electoral process- All of this was discussed previously
➡️You can focus on understanding how ECI's role is limited in curbing potential nexus between political parties and corporates.
🔰GIST OF THE STORY- It is very difficult for a normal voter to have transparent flow of information- even the supreme court's ruling did not solve this issue. - Click here and read it
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🅾️The article outlines the complexities surrounding the Electoral Bond Scheme in India, focusing on issues of transparency, constitutional challenges, and the impact on the electoral process- All of this was discussed previously
➡️You can focus on understanding how ECI's role is limited in curbing potential nexus between political parties and corporates.
🔰GIST OF THE STORY- It is very difficult for a normal voter to have transparent flow of information- even the supreme court's ruling did not solve this issue. - Click here and read it
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs-2 : RPA- Political funding- State funding of elections
🅾️ Election Commission of India (ECI) is not in favour of state funding of elections
➡️My personal comment : State funding is viable only if parties are internally democratic in their functioning, transparent in their financial affairs, and there is a reliable mechanism of ensuring that parties and candidates do not accept money from other sources.
📍This is exactly what ECI also says : - there need to be changes in following phenomena of election funding process :
⚜️Receipts of funds by political parties-
⚜️ The manner in which received funds are spent by the political parties.
⚜️ Complete transparency in the political funding process.
➡️Why?- You can read this electoral bonds news
🔰What is the impact on good governance?- Click here and read the article
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🅾️ Election Commission of India (ECI) is not in favour of state funding of elections
➡️My personal comment : State funding is viable only if parties are internally democratic in their functioning, transparent in their financial affairs, and there is a reliable mechanism of ensuring that parties and candidates do not accept money from other sources.
📍This is exactly what ECI also says : - there need to be changes in following phenomena of election funding process :
⚜️Receipts of funds by political parties-
⚜️ The manner in which received funds are spent by the political parties.
⚜️ Complete transparency in the political funding process.
➡️Why?- You can read this electoral bonds news
🔰What is the impact on good governance?- Click here and read the article
🎖Join
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✅Gs2 : Rights issues- Constitutionalism broadly means that power of state will be limited by constitution- Through the principle of checks and balances and separation of powers
🅾️A new phase of constitutionalism is witnessed these days with respect to emphasis on rights - Click here
⚠️Present phase= transformative constitutionalism-i.e. Social Revolution and Transformation- Click here to read the cases
➡️This news article is a debate on adultery as a crime.
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🅾️A new phase of constitutionalism is witnessed these days with respect to emphasis on rights - Click here
⚠️Present phase= transformative constitutionalism-i.e. Social Revolution and Transformation- Click here to read the cases
➡️This news article is a debate on adultery as a crime.
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✅Gs-3 : Banking- CRAR
🅾️I will try to explain this with a simple story- Say RBI is a teacher and banks & NBFCs are students who have to carry backpacks (their assets or loans they give out). Now, each item in the backpack has a certain weight (risk weight), representing how risky it is - like books (home loans) might be lighter (less risky), while a glass water bottle (personal loans) might be heavier (more risky) if they are dropped and they can break.
➡️CRAR Increase- RBI is now concerned that banks and NBFCs may not be as strong as they think and need to prove they're strong enough (have enough capital) to carry these heavier backpacks more carefully than before as they are now carrying riskier items.
🅾️Watch this video to understand CRAR- NPA-PCA- https://youtu.be/GQA3w_cnhYY
➡️Follow @economyhighlights for Economy articles.
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
🅾️I will try to explain this with a simple story- Say RBI is a teacher and banks & NBFCs are students who have to carry backpacks (their assets or loans they give out). Now, each item in the backpack has a certain weight (risk weight), representing how risky it is - like books (home loans) might be lighter (less risky), while a glass water bottle (personal loans) might be heavier (more risky) if they are dropped and they can break.
➡️CRAR Increase- RBI is now concerned that banks and NBFCs may not be as strong as they think and need to prove they're strong enough (have enough capital) to carry these heavier backpacks more carefully than before as they are now carrying riskier items.
🅾️Watch this video to understand CRAR- NPA-PCA- https://youtu.be/GQA3w_cnhYY
➡️Follow @economyhighlights for Economy articles.
🎖Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
✅Gs-3 : Conservation- Ecosystem
📍What is the ecosystem needed for migratory birds?- Case study- Kadalundi village- Kerala
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📍What is the ecosystem needed for migratory birds?- Case study- Kadalundi village- Kerala
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✅Gs-3 : Science and technology- History of space program in India
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✅Gs-2 : India- china relations- 30 years
🅾️Background : For background info read this : Explained- Aasan Bhasha article on China's aggression
📍China wants to prove its hegemony
by :
🅾️1) Hongkong issue-
🅾️2) Uighur muslims issue
🅾️3) Five finger policy of Mao
🅾️4) Aggression in south china sea
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🅾️Background : For background info read this : Explained- Aasan Bhasha article on China's aggression
📍China wants to prove its hegemony
by :
🅾️1) Hongkong issue-
🅾️2) Uighur muslims issue
🅾️3) Five finger policy of Mao
🅾️4) Aggression in south china sea
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✅Gs-3 : Disaster Management plan - rescue operation for workers trapped in a collapsed tunnel
🅾️Disaster Management plan
⚜️1. Is there Immediate Response and Rescue Operations?- Yes. ✅
⚜️2. Multi-Agency Coordination: ✅Yes- ONGC Ltd., Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd., and the Border Roads Organisation
⚜️3. Safety and Health of the Trapped Workers: ✅Yes- trapped workers got water, food, medicines
⚜️4. Communication with the Public: Yes✅
🅾️Critical points - Things where response can get better
⚜️1. Rapid Assessment- It is a week since the tunnel collapsed.
⚜️2. Prevention and Mitigation Measures: need for rigorous safety measures during tunnel construction and the implementation of stringent disaster risk reduction strategies.
👆This is how you are supposed to approach newspapers- as a tool to "APPLY concepts" that you read in basics
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🅾️Disaster Management plan
⚜️1. Is there Immediate Response and Rescue Operations?- Yes. ✅
⚜️2. Multi-Agency Coordination: ✅Yes- ONGC Ltd., Rail Vikas Nigam Ltd., and the Border Roads Organisation
⚜️3. Safety and Health of the Trapped Workers: ✅Yes- trapped workers got water, food, medicines
⚜️4. Communication with the Public: Yes✅
🅾️Critical points - Things where response can get better
⚜️1. Rapid Assessment- It is a week since the tunnel collapsed.
⚜️2. Prevention and Mitigation Measures: need for rigorous safety measures during tunnel construction and the implementation of stringent disaster risk reduction strategies.
👆This is how you are supposed to approach newspapers- as a tool to "APPLY concepts" that you read in basics
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights for News analysis
@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here
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✅Gs2- Centre- state relations- The office of Governor
➡️Nothing new in this article- Covered multiple times
📍ISSUES : the following list sums up almost all contemporary events of the last 2 years.
🅾️1. Appointments of governors- Click here and here
🅾️2. Adminstering oath- governor-Click here
⚜️Issue of Udhav Thackrey's MLC nomination- Click here
🅾️3. Governor's discretion- Click here
⚜️Article 200 interpretation/Constitutional Punctuality : What does Sarkaria commission say about Governor's Discretion based on constitutional debates?- Click here
🅾️4. This article sums up all the constitutional and judicial interpretations on speaker and the governor- Click here
🅾️5. Article 356 - its issues
🅾️6. VC selection- issues- Click here
🅾️7.LG/ administrator vs Legislature
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➡️Nothing new in this article- Covered multiple times
📍ISSUES : the following list sums up almost all contemporary events of the last 2 years.
🅾️1. Appointments of governors- Click here and here
🅾️2. Adminstering oath- governor-Click here
⚜️Issue of Udhav Thackrey's MLC nomination- Click here
🅾️3. Governor's discretion- Click here
⚜️Article 200 interpretation/Constitutional Punctuality : What does Sarkaria commission say about Governor's Discretion based on constitutional debates?- Click here
🅾️4. This article sums up all the constitutional and judicial interpretations on speaker and the governor- Click here
🅾️5. Article 356 - its issues
🅾️6. VC selection- issues- Click here
🅾️7.LG/ administrator vs Legislature
🎖Join
@hinduhighlights
@upschighlights - for Prelims- Click here
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