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Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
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#Essay

GS-4 : Ethics- Human values- Existentialism and Svadharma

🅾️Humans initially have no predetermined essence or role. Individuality is shaped by free choice and personal actions. Thinkers like Kierkegaard & Sartre emphasize personal responsibility and authenticity—living true to one’s freely chosen values.Similarly, Svadharma emphasizes individualized duty based on one's personal nature, talents, social context, and responsibilities.

🅾️Existentialism argues purpose is not given but created through choices. Svadharma argues each individual has a unique role/duty based on nature (prakriti) and social position (varna & ashrama).Commonality: Both emphasize personal duty towards authenticity and rightful living.

⚠️Questions on concepts like dharma, existential anxiety, or absolute freedom can be effectively tackled by seeing them as aspects of human ethical decision-making and action rather than isolated facts

Join : Ethics channel link :
https://www.tg-me.com/joinchat-mrcWyE8pY2UyMDll
How to Crack UPSC Prelims Questions Using Environment News From The Hindu and IE?- Part 1

🅾️This video is a snippet from the mentorship sessions - Just spend 2-3 minutes minutes everyday for the next 5 days

⚠️
https://youtu.be/5-SfUgA2GG0
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Gs-2/3 : IR- Climate change- Need for diplomacy

🅾️Central premise of this article- The biggest risk to climate action is not lack of technology—it’s lack of coordination and governance. Future climate forecasting will not depend solely on any single nation but rather on AI-powered, decentralized modeling networks- Ex : EU’s Copernicus Climate Initiative, China’s AI-Driven Climate Models (2023)

🅾️The best climate model is a decentralized, self-correcting system that combines multi-scale forecasting with automated validation mechanisms.

⚠️🌟V. IMP= Expect questions on AI in climate change, international climate collaborations, and policy recommendations for resilient climate modeling systems.The 2025 UPSC Mains Exam will likely test this intersection of climate science, global governance, and emerging technology.


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Gs-3 : Agriculture

🅾️Context : Farm labourers' inclusion in policies, MSP extension for organic crops, need for comprehensive crop insurance.

⚠️What to note?- Shift in Policy Narrative – From Farmers to Farm Labourers-The demand for MSP on organic crops is logical, as organic farming involves higher input costs and longer transition periods. However, the report cautions against distorting MSP policies if organic crop MSP overshadows traditional MSP demands based on the Swaminathan formula

🌟Push for Institutional Mechanisms – National Commission for Farm Labourers- Personally , i feel that the political message here is that policymakers are recognizing farm labour as a distinct economic class separate from farmers.

⚠️Monitoring of Agricultural Spending – This aligns with reports from CAG audits and NITI Aayog, which have flagged irregularities in agricultural subsidies and rural welfare programs.

🎖VK IAS subject wise channels - C
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How to Crack UPSC Prelims Questions Using Environment News From The Hindu and IE?- Part 2

🅾️Part 1-
Click here

⚠️
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MfC3RbfbPIE
75 Years 75 facts Indian Constitution .pdf
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⚠️Sourced from PIB


🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims-
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⚠️WHY DID I ASK YOU GUYS TO RECONSIDER SPECTRUM FOR MODERN INDIA?- CLICK HERE FOR Learnings from CSP 2021


🔰Military under the British-from spectrum is about what happened AFTER 1857- when the company no longer exists. You may generate content from different chapters but why do that when you have a precise answer else where

➡️Now read the other picture- from sekhar bandopadhyay- Under the heading "army"- I hope now you know WHY!

➡️Read the question asked in mains 2022 paper and compare that for yourself from above pictures-read it carefully I do not have the power to influence you before the event - but I can prove after it happens- you can cross verify for other questions and decide for yourself

🅾️You are still free to disagree with me but use your reason-You are the master of your fate, you are the captain of your soul.

🔶P.s. will post the analysis soon for all papers- as and when i get some time- do not text me regarding the same- will surely do the post exam audit
How to Crack UPSC Prelims Questions Using Environment News From The Hindu and IE?- Part 3

🅾️Part 1- Click here

🅾️ Part 2 - Click here

🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Holi and the pandemic of loneliness in UPSC aspirants!

https://youtu.be/sE38Klj37xQ
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GS3- Economic growth- Energy security

🅾️Central premise : We have two challenges to handle

⚜️1. Meet rising power demand-
Click here

⚜️2. Energy transition -
Click here

🔰Solutions?

⚜️1. Increase renewable energy generation-
Click here
⚜️2. Energy Storage and Grid Infrastructure-
Click here
⚜️3.Government Initiatives Supporting the Transition-
Logic behind rooftop solar-PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana: Targets solar rooftop adoption for 10 million households. (Source: Union Budget 2024-25), Inter-state transmission system for renewables: Government investing ₹24,000 crore (~$3 billion) for better integration of renewable energy sources. (Source: Ministry of Power, 2024)

🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims-
Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
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#IR

🔴🎖Important difference between ICC and ICJ apart from the usual info you find in CA magazines- Click here

🅾️Criteria for arrest under ICC's rome statute :
⚜️1. Genocide.
⚜️2. Crimes Against Humanity-Duterte is accused of crimes against humanity related to extrajudicial killings during his "war on drugs" (2011–2019).
⚜️3. War Crimes
⚜️4. Crime of Aggression

⚠️The ICC lacks its own enforcement mechanism-ICC warrants are only enforced if a signatory state arrests and surrenders the individual. success depends on international pressure and diplomatic backing.

🔰Warrant alone does not guarantee arrest, but it restricts Duterte’s international mobility.If Duterte enters an ICC member state, he must be arrested.Non-compliance by states leads to UN Security Council involvement, but enforcement is politically complex.

@upschighlights - Relevant hashtags for Prelims- Click here

🎖I will cover such topics in a structured format for Prelims-
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Gs-3 : Conservation- Madhav National park becomes a tiger reserve

🅾️Why another national park now?- Southern MP reserves (Kanha, Pench, Bandhavgarh) are successful but northern MP lacked conservation efforts-Madhav National Park-Forms a corridor between Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (Rajasthan) and Kuno National Park (home to reintroduced African cheetahs)-Enhancing connectivity reduces the risk of inbreeding and genetic isolation in tiger populations.

🅾️Under Project Tiger, a National Park can become a Tiger Reserve if:

⚜️Habitat Suitability – Large enough to support a breeding tiger population.
⚜️Corridor Connectivity – Links with other reserves for genetic diversity.
⚜️Human Impact Assessment – Minimal human settlements to reduce conflicts.
⚜️Scientific Conservation Plan

☝️Madhav NP met all these


🅾️Criticism of the implementation of Project Tiger- Click here

🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims- Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Forwarded from UPSC Ethics by VK IAS
GS-2: social issues- Health- Trends for 2025- Click here

Gs-4 : Ethics- Using empathy as a tool to design public policy

🅾️Cancer- Notifiable diseases are those that require mandatory reporting to public health authorities to ensure early intervention & outbreak control.Cancer, however, is non-communicable and does not fit the usual criteria for disease notification.India already has a National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) since 1982 → It serves as a surveillance mechanism. But India has already made non-communicable conditions like snakebites (2024) notifiable.

⚠️Practical problem= WHO does NOT recommend mandatory notification for cancer → It prefers voluntary registry-based reporting.Legal obligations can discourage doctors from diagnosing cases → Affects trust in the healthcare system ( This small insight is very relevant in ethics).

🌟Solution : Strengthening the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP)

Join : Ethics channel link :
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Gs-2: social issues- Health- Problems in Public Health Education in India

⚠️Public Health is NOT just Clinical Healthcare-> Public health is a specialized field focusing on disease prevention, healthcare systems, epidemiology, and health policies.India DOES NOT have a regulatory body for public health education → Unlike the NMC (National Medical Commission) for medical education.

🚫Public health is multidisciplinary → Includes community medicine, social sciences, epidemiology, and health economics.Medical education in colonial India emphasized individual clinical treatment, neglecting public health systems- the same colonial legacy is continuing even now! - we dont have trained Public Health Professionals

⚠️THE SAD PART!?- Public health training is NOT compulsory for doctors in India

🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims-
Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
Gs-3 : Science and technology- Space

🅾️What is Starlink?- Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation for broadband internet. Note that It is not the first satellite internet service – others include OneWeb, Amazon Kuiper, HughesNet.Works independently of fiber optics but can supplement terrestrial networks in remote areas.

🅾️Problems with Starlink in India- Requires Global Mobile Personal Communication by Satellite (GMPCS) license under the Telecom Act, 1885.Needs clearance from the Ministry of Home Affairs due to concerns over corporate data privacy & foreign ownership.

⚠️India has not auctioned satellite spectrum yet, unlike other countries. Telcos like Reliance Jio & Airtel demand spectrum auction, citing the 2012 Supreme Court 2G scam ruling (natural resources must be auctioned).

🎖Note : I will cover CA topics in a structured format for Prelims-
Please Subscribe : Youtube.com/vikaskanukollu
GS3- Economic growth- Energy security

🅾️Central premise : We have two challenges to handle- We discussed them -
Click here

☝️In the above strategy for Energy transition- Solar energy has a huge role to play-
but Solar panel efficiency is NOT just about sunlight—temperature & airflow are critical.Air pollution affects both direct & diffuse solar radiation—not just a simple reduction.Cloud cover & urban heat islands can worsen the impact on solar energy output.

⚠️Substantiating data pointer : The study found that air pollution could reduce solar efficiency by 2.5% per decade.Solar photovoltaic (PV) cells experience up to a 0.5% loss in efficiency per 1°C rise in temperature.In India's hot climates (~45°C in summer), the efficiency drops significantly.

🅾️Also Slower wind speeds in polluted areas hinder natural cooling of panels, leading to overheating.
⚜️Urban heat islands exacerbate the problem.

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⚠️Youtube : Click here and join the VK IAS channel
2025/07/08 10:48:53
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