11 Years of Central Government.pdf

🔆 Key Terms & Their Meanings

📍 Moral Muteness
✅ Occurs when people witness unethical behavior but choose not to speak out, or communicate in ways that obscure moral beliefs.

📍 Moral Myopia
✅ Inability to see ethical issues clearly, leading to distorted moral vision (moral blindness).

📍 Cognitive Bias
✅ People make errors in thinking, affecting decisions across various areas, including ethics.

📍 Bounded Ethicality
✅ Ethical choices limited by internal/external pressures, such as conformity or self-serving bias.

📍 Conformity Bias
✅ People imitate others’ actions instead of making personal judgments.

📍 Ethical Fading
✅ Ethical aspects disappear when focus shifts to other decision factors, like profit.

📍 Moral Cognition
✅ Study of the brain’s role in moral judgment and decision-making.

📍 Role Morality
✅ People act unethically when they see themselves in roles that excuse unethical behavior.

📍 Moral Absolutism
✅ Universal moral principles by which actions can be judged, a form of deontology.

RAS Mains 2024 Admit Card

https://rpsc.rajasthan.gov.in/admitcardnew?Pie=RAS_MAIN_2024

All the Best :)

🔆 India’s Employment Landscape: 2023–24 Snapshot

📍 Sectoral Employment Share
✅ Agriculture – 45%
✅ Industry – 25%
✅ Services – 30%

📍 Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR)
✅ Overall (15+ yrs): 60.1%
✅ Male LFPR:
  • 2017–18 → 75.1%
  • 2023–24 → 77.5%
✅ Female LFPR:
  • 2017–18 → 21.1%
  • 2023–24 → 35.6%
✅ Rural LFPR: 50.7% → 63.7%
✅ Urban LFPR: 47.6% → 52.0%

📍 Female Workforce Global Context
✅ India (2023): 37%
✅ Global Average: 65%

📍 Unemployment Rate
✅ 2017–18 → 8.7%
✅ 2023–24 → 4.9%

📍 MGNREGA Employment Assurance
✅ 99.74% of job seekers received employment in 2023–24 under the scheme

#employment #GS3 #Data

🔆Offshore Security Coordination Committee:
✅It was constituted in 1978 to ensure the effective functioning of offshore security arrangements.
✅Since then, the committee has contributed effectively in framing policies and providing guidance and resolution to Offshore Defence Area related issues.
✅Itwas constituted to ensure smooth and efficient functioning of offshore security arrangements, and to identify peace-time threats to offshore installations, such as terrorism and sabotage.
✅The OSCC develops contingency plans to be implemented by various agencies in respect of offshore security.
✅The exponential growth in the offshore Oil and Natural Gas sector has necessitated a manifold increase in the responsibilities of the ICG, in terms of responding to breaches of security, or likely threats, as well as fishing activity in the vicinity of oil platforms that could jeopardize safety.
✅Chairman: Director General, ICG

📍Key Facts about Indian Coast Guard
✅It is an armed force that protects India’s maritime interests and enforces maritime law, with jurisdiction over the territorial waters of India, including its contiguous zone and exclusive economic zone.
✅It was formally established in 1978 by the Coast Guard Act, 1978 as an independent Armed force of India.
✅It operates under the Ministry of Defence.
✅It is headed by the Director General Indian Coast Guard (DGICG).
✅Headquarters: New Delhi.

🔆 Vocal for Local Initiative

✅ Under the initiative: Indigenous local products from 500 Aspirational Blocks have been mapped and consolidated under the brand of Aakansha.
✅ Brand: Aakansha will be an umbrella brand which could be supplemented into multiple sub-brands.
✅ Logo: The logo for ‘Aakansha’ was unveiled under the ‘Vocal for Local’ initiative.
✅ Dedicated Window: A dedicated window for the Aspirational Blocks Program under the brand name ‘Aakansha’ will be established on the GeM portal.
✅ GeM Portal Support: GeM portal will provide technical and operational support for the facilitation of e-commerce onboarding, establishing linkages, financial/digital literacy, documentation/certification, and skill enhancement etc.

🔆 UNFPA 2025 Report: It’s Not About Fewer Babies

📍 The Real Crisis?
✅ Not declining fertility — but lack of reproductive choice for women.

📍 Global Shift
✅ Fertility: 5 (1960) ➝ 2.2 (2024)
✅ Over 50% live in countries below 2.1 rate
✅ By 2054, all nations may dip below 2.0

📍 India’s Reality
✅ Fertility down: 2.9 ➝ 2.0 (2005–2020)
✅ Child population peaked in 2004, teens in 2009
✅ Growth slowing, but positive due to longer life spans

📍 The Dual Paradox
✅ 36% had unintended pregnancies
✅ 30% couldn’t conceive when they wanted
✅ Some have too few, others too many
✅ 9.4% unmet family planning needs (NFHS-5)

📍 What’s Blocking Reproductive Freedom?
✅ Money, housing, childcare, jobs
✅ Unequal gender roles & infertility stigma
✅ Workplace fear of losing jobs for being pregnant

📍 New Parenthood Norms
✅ More women now have kids in late 20s–30s
✅ Spacing issues still poorly addressed

📍 Policy Direction
✅ Drop the population panic
✅ Invest in choices, equity & healthcare — not control

#society

🔆 Virtual Assets & Terror Financing

📍 Overview
✅ FATF flagged deficiencies in global standards on virtual assets (VAs) & virtual asset service providers (VASPs) related to money laundering and terror financing.

📍 Virtual Assets
✅ Digital value: Bitcoin, Ethereum, Litecoin, Dogecoin.
(Note: Not government-issued currencies)

📍 VASPs
✅ Facilitate:
• Exchange between virtual & fiat currencies
• Transfers between virtual assets
• Custody/administration of assets
✅ Examples: Crypto exchanges, wallet providers, ATM operators.

📍 Security Challenges
✅ Anonymity: VPNs & anonymity tools mask identities.
✅ Regulatory Arbitrage: Entities relocate to weak oversight jurisdictions.
✅ Crowdfunding: Extremists use social media & crowdfunding for global donations.

📍 India’s Response
✅ PMLA Inclusion (March 2023): VDASPs under AML/CFT norms.
✅ Mandatory FIU-IND Registration: For VASPs.
✅ FATF Evaluation: Enhanced monitoring for 2025 review.

#security

🔆 Transport Sector – Key Facts

📍 Transport sector contribution to GDP ~ 4.5%
✅ Source: Economic Survey 2023

📍 Freight transport share – Road > 60%, Railways 30%, Waterways 10%
✅ Source: National Logistics Policy

📍 Passenger transport share – Road & others 85%, Railways 15%
✅ Source: Economic Survey 2023

📍 Transport sector accounts for ~ 14% of India’s total emissions
✅ Source: NITI Aayog

📍 Cost of transport (tonne per km) – Road ₹2.5, Railways ₹1.3, Waterways ₹1
✅ Source: Economic Survey 2023


#Data #GS2 #GS3 #GS1 #mains


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MAINS-2025 Wali Junta:

Your DAF is out here

https://upsconline.gov.in/upsc/OTRP/index.php

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Last date is 25th June.

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📍 Theyyam
✅ Place of Origin: Kerala
✅ Cultural Significance:
• UNESCO-recognized intangible cultural heritage of India.
• A captivating blend of dance, music, and storytelling, performed to honor deities and ancestral spirits.
• Particularly popular during the harvest season.

✅ Unique Features:
• Dancers wear intricate masks, colorful costumes, and headdresses, with their bodies adorned with vibrant body paint.
• Traditional Keralan instruments such as the chenda, ilathalam, and maddalam are used during performances.

🔆 India’s Taxation & Fiscal Snapshot (2024-25)

📍 Tax to GDP Ratio
✅ Centre: 12%
✅ Centre + States Combined: 18%
🔸 (Compared to ~34% in OECD countries)

📍 Tax Buoyancy (2024–25)
✅ Estimated at 1.18
🔸 (Reflects responsiveness of tax revenue growth to GDP growth)

📍 Composition of Central Tax Revenue
✅ Direct Taxes: 52%
✅ Indirect Taxes: 48%

📍 Taxpayer Base in India
✅ Only 6% of Indians pay income tax
🔸 Of which, ~50% have zero tax liability

📍 Public Debt (Centre + States)
✅ Total: 90% of GDP
• Centre: 60%, States: 30%
• Internal Debt: 87%, External Debt: 3%

📍 Capital Expenditure (2023–24)
✅ Highest ever capex by Centre: 3.4% of GDP


🔆 Takeaway
Despite rising capex and tax buoyancy, India’s tax base remains narrow, and public debt levels are high, demanding fiscal prudence and structural reforms.

#Data #GS2 #GS3 #GS1 #mains


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🔆 Assessment of Climate Change Over the Indian Region
📝 Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), Government of India

📍 Rising Temperatures:
✅ India’s average temperature ↑ by 0.7°C since 1901; projected rise of 4.4°C by century end.

📍 Warming Oceans:
✅ Indian Ocean’s sea surface temperature ↑ by 1°C (1951–2015), exceeding global average.

📍 Shifting Rainfall Patterns:
✅ 6% decline in summer monsoon rainfall (1951–2015), especially in Indo-Gangetic Plains & Western Ghats.

📍 Increased Droughts:
✅ Decrease in monsoon rainfall → more frequent and widespread droughts since 1951.

📍 Rising Sea Levels:
✅ 3.3 mm/year sea level rise in the North Indian Ocean (1993–2017); matches global trend.

📍 Cyclone Activity:
✅ Significant decline in cyclone frequency in North Indian Ocean since mid-20th century.

📍 Warming Himalayas:
✅ 1.3°C rise in the Hindu Kush Himalayan region (1951–2014) with declining snowfall.