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🌾 Lecture 6 - Pharmacognocy III

ⓂCQ:

- The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.

Non-isoprenoid indole :

1. Simple indole : tryptamine + 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin).

* glycozoline = simple indole alkaloids do not contain tryptamine.

2. β-carboline : By formation of Schiff base from tryptamine and aldehyde.

* This type includes harmine, harmaline.

3. Pyrolo-indole : By methylation of indole nucleus at position 3 and subsequent nucleophilic Addition at C2 with the closure of ethylamino group in to a ring.

* Example physostigmine

Isoprenoid indole alkaloids :

*e.g. : ergot alkaloids and vinca alkaloids.

🔵 Drugs containing indole alkaloids :

1. Rauwolfia alkaloids ( ajmaline, reserpine and serpentine ) :

🔺Plant origin : Rauwolfia serpentin
🔺Family : Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : Antihypertensive and tranquilizer

2. Catharanthus ( Vincristine & Vinblastine ) :

🔺Plant origin : Catharanthus roseus
🔺Family : F. Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : arrest of cell division at metaphase of cancer cells.

3. Nux-vomica :

🔺Plant origin : Strychnos nux-vomica
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Major source of the highly poisonous to kill feral mammals.

4. Physostigma (Calabar bean) :

🔺Plant origin : Physostigma venenosum
🔺Family : Leguminosae
🔺Uses : Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase ( e.g. to treat glaucoma ).

5. Ergot :

🔺Plant origin : Secale cereale
🔺Family : F. Gramineae
🔺Uses : Uterine contraction Or Vasoconstriction

6. Harmel :

🔺Plant origin : Peganum harmal
🔺 Family : Nitrariaceae
🔺 Uses : Antiinflammatory, Antiviral and antibacterial
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🌾 Lecture 6 - Pharmacognocy III

ⓂCQ:

- The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.

Non-isoprenoid indole :

1. Simple indole : tryptamine + 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin).

* glycozoline = simple indole alkaloids do not contain tryptamine.

2. β-carboline : By formation of Schiff base from tryptamine and aldehyde.

* This type includes harmine, harmaline.

3. Pyrolo-indole : By methylation of indole nucleus at position 3 and subsequent nucleophilic Addition at C2 with the closure of ethylamino group in to a ring.

* Example physostigmine

Isoprenoid indole alkaloids :

*e.g. : ergot alkaloids and vinca alkaloids.

🔵 Drugs containing indole alkaloids :

1. Rauwolfia alkaloids ( ajmaline, reserpine and serpentine ) :

🔺Plant origin : Rauwolfia serpentin
🔺Family : Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : Antihypertensive and tranquilizer

2. Catharanthus ( Vincristine & Vinblastine ) :

🔺Plant origin : Catharanthus roseus
🔺Family : F. Apocynaceae
🔺Uses : arrest of cell division at metaphase of cancer cells.

3. Nux-vomica :

🔺Plant origin : Strychnos nux-vomica
🔺Family : Loganiaceae
🔺Uses : Major source of the highly poisonous to kill feral mammals.

4. Physostigma (Calabar bean) :

🔺Plant origin : Physostigma venenosum
🔺Family : Leguminosae
🔺Uses : Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase ( e.g. to treat glaucoma ).

5. Ergot :

🔺Plant origin : Secale cereale
🔺Family : F. Gramineae
🔺Uses : Uterine contraction Or Vasoconstriction

6. Harmel :

🔺Plant origin : Peganum harmal
🔺 Family : Nitrariaceae
🔺 Uses : Antiinflammatory, Antiviral and antibacterial

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🌾 Lecture 6 - Pharmacognocy IIIⓂCQ: - The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.Non-isoprenoid indole :1. Simple indole : tryptamine + 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin).* glycozoline = simple indole alkaloids do not contain tryptamine.2. β-carboline : By formation of Schiff base from tryptamine and aldehyde.* This type includes harmine

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