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๐พ Lecture 6 - Pharmacognocy III
โCQ:
- The amino acid tryptophan is the biochemical precursor of indole alkaloids.
Non-isoprenoid indole :
1. Simple indole : tryptamine + 5-hydroxytryptamine(serotonin).
* glycozoline = simple indole alkaloids do not contain tryptamine.
2. ฮฒ-carboline : By formation of Schiff base from tryptamine and aldehyde.
* This type includes harmine, harmaline.
3. Pyrolo-indole : By methylation of indole nucleus at position 3 and subsequent nucleophilic Addition at C2 with the closure of ethylamino group in to a ring.
* Example physostigmine
Isoprenoid indole alkaloids :
*e.g. : ergot alkaloids and vinca alkaloids.
๐ต Drugs containing indole alkaloids :
1. Rauwolfia alkaloids ( ajmaline, reserpine and serpentine ) :
๐บPlant origin : Rauwolfia serpentin
๐บFamily : Apocynaceae
๐บUses : Antihypertensive and tranquilizer
2. Catharanthus ( Vincristine & Vinblastine ) :
๐บPlant origin : Catharanthus roseus
๐บFamily : F. Apocynaceae
๐บUses : arrest of cell division at metaphase of cancer cells.
3. Nux-vomica :
๐บPlant origin : Strychnos nux-vomica
๐บFamily : Loganiaceae
๐บUses : Major source of the highly poisonous to kill feral mammals.
4. Physostigma (Calabar bean) :
๐บPlant origin : Physostigma venenosum
๐บFamily : Leguminosae
๐บUses : Inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase ( e.g. to treat glaucoma ).
5. Ergot :
๐บPlant origin : Secale cereale
๐บFamily : F. Gramineae
๐บUses : Uterine contraction Or Vasoconstriction
6. Harmel :
๐บPlant origin : Peganum harmal
๐บ Family : Nitrariaceae
๐บ Uses : Antiinflammatory, Antiviral and antibacterial
BY 11:34
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